Cognition Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the work of William Stern (1872-1938)

A

The idea of Intelligent Quotient (IQ)
Used the Binet-Simon test to calculate IQ
Mental age ÷ Actual age x 100
(Average at 100)

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2
Q

Why were Wechsler’s tests different to other tests

A

All people of all ages can take them

IQ was able to be determined by adults by using an individual’s actual score compared to the average scores for that age

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3
Q

What is the work of David Wechsler (1896-1981)

A

The Wechsler adult intelligence test (WAIS)

The Wechsler scale for children (WISC)

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4
Q

What is the work of Lewis Terman (1877-1956)

A

Used Binet-Simon test in California and it didn’t work (it was French)
Revised the test and added 40 new items
Used 1000 children (4-14) to increase sample
(Stanford-Binet test)

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5
Q

What is Crystallized intelligence (gc)

A

A reflection of one’s cumulative experiences
(More general)
High in old people

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6
Q

Why does Flynn believe has caused the Flynn effect

A

NOT BECAUSE PEOPLES INTELLIGENCE IS INCREASING
He believes that intelligence tests correlate with intelligence but don’t measure intelligence itself
He believes instead there is an increase in “abstract problem solving ability”

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7
Q

What is the Flynn effect

A

average intelligence scores have risen steadily over time

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8
Q

Briefly describe group testing and name one positive and negative

A

A simple test given to multiple people at once
+ can be administered to very large numbers simultaneously
- not readily detected if examinee is tired, anxious or unwell

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9
Q

Briefly describe individual testing and list one positive and negative

A

One person conducting a test at a time
+ can pay more attention to examinee
- time consuming

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10
Q

What is Fluid intelligence (gf)

A

Ability to solve unique abstract relational problems
(Flexible intelligence)
Low in old people

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11
Q

Raymond B. Cattell (1963) argued that “g” can be subdivided into _____ and _________ intelligence

A
  1. Fluid

2. Crystallized

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12
Q

What is a bell curve (normal distribution)

A

68% of scores lie within one standard deviation of the mean

95% of scores will fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean

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13
Q

What is the work of Charles Spearman (1863-1945)

A

Intelligence consists of a single general ability and specific mental abilities
(TWO-FACTOR THEORY)

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14
Q

How did Spearman discover general intelligence (g)

A

He used factor analysis to see that doing good in one test correlated with doing well in other tests

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15
Q

What is general intelligence “g”

A

Underlies all intellectual behaviour and reflects persons mental energy and inherited abilities
“g”: is required for performance of intelligence tests of all types

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16
Q

What is specific abilities “s”

A

Each type of intelligence needed for performing well on each individual intelligence task observed
eg. vocabulary intelligence, mathematical intelligence, etc.

17
Q

What is the work of Alfred Binet (1857-1911)

A

The Binet-Simon scale - a series of 30 short tasks related to everyday life arranged in increasing difficulty to indicate levels of intelligence

18
Q

What is the Binet-Simon Scale used for

A

Used to determine a child mental age

19
Q

What is Standardization

A

Administering the test to a representative sample of future test takers in order to establish a basis for meaningful comparison

20
Q

What is the work of David Wechsler (189-1981)

A

The Wechsler adult intelligence test (WAIS)

The Wechsler scale for children (WISC)