Developmental Psychology Flashcards
What is The zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
(Vygotsky)
The distance between a student’s ability to perform a task under guidance and the student’s ability solving the problem independently
What is a More knowledgeable other (MKO)?
(Vygotsky)
Anyone who has a better understanding or higher ability than the learner
What are Vygotsky’s view on social development?
Learning is an active, constructive process although everyone’s construct is their own subjective representation of objective reality (unique)
Social interaction very important
What is the Formal operational stage of cognitive development
(12+ years)
Develop the ability to think abstract concepts. Skills such as logical thought, deductive reasoning and systematic planning emerge
What is the Concrete operational stage of cognitive development
(7 - 11 years)
Better understanding of mental operations. Begin to think logically but can’t understand abstract concepts easily
What is the Pre-operational stage of cognitive development
(2 - 6 years)
Children learn to use language. Don’t yet understand concrete logic, cannot mentally manipulate information or imagine other points of view
Describe the Sensori-motor stage of cognitive development
(birth - 2 years of age)
Infants knowledge of the world is limited to their sensory perceptions and motor activities
What are the 4 stages of cognitive development
(Piaget)
- sensori-motor stage
- pre-operational stage
- concrete operational stage
- formal operational stage
What is Equilibration? (Piaget’s Schemas)
The force that drives development
When a child’s schemas can deal with most new information through assimilation
What is Accommodation? (Piaget’s Schemas)
When the existing schema does not work and needs to be changed to deal with a new object or situation
What is Assimilation? (Piaget’s Schemas)
Assimilation is when you use an existing schema to deal with a new object or situation
What are schemas?
Cognitive frameworks or concepts that help people organise and interpret information
What is the work of Piaget?
Created a theory of cognitive development that described basic stages of mental maturity
Developed a theory of schemas
Define Emotional development
Changes in self knowledge, social and ethical matters and behaviours
Define Social development
Changes in personal relationships and social roles
