Maslow and Rogers

Question 1

What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 1

• People have a variety of needs
• Those who satisfy their needs become self-actualisers
• Not satisfying a need can lead to fixation

Question 2

What are the 5 ‘needs’?

Answer 2

• Physiological (food, water, shelter)
• Safety (health, employment, property)
• Love and belonging (friendship, family)
• Self-esteem (confidence, achievement)
• Self-actualization (morality, creativity, acceptance, etc.)

Question 3

What are the first 4 needs known as?

Answer 3

Deficiency needs

Question 4

What is the 5th need known as?

Answer 4

Growth need

Question 5

Define self-actualization

Answer 5

The ultimate psychological need that arises after deficiency needs are met

Question 6

Key characteristics of self-actualizers

Answer 6

Reality-centered 
Problem-centered 
Enjoy autonomy
Non conformists
Acceptance of self and others

Question 7

How did Maslow collect research for his theory?

Answer 7

Studied healthy, creative people. Used qualitative method - biographical analysis (case studies). He studied people he believed to have self-actualized and created a list of qualities

Question 8

What is social learning theory + the key theorist?

Answer 8

• AKA “observational learning”
• Social behavior is learned by observing and imitating the behavior of others
• Bandura

Question 9

3 Factors of modelling

Answer 9

1. Characteristics of the model
2. Attributes of the observer
3. Consequences of imitating behavior

Question 10

Self regulation - what is it?

Answer 10

Our goal achievement depend on internal self-regulatory processes such as self-criticism, self-praise, etc.
Self efficacy = most important self regulating process.

Question 11

Rogers: what conditions are required for growth?

Answer 11

1) Genuineness
2) Acceptance
3) Empathy

Question 12

Rogers: What is positive self-concept

Answer 12

Perceive world positively

Question 13

Rogers: what is negative self-concept?

Answer 13

In our own eyes we fall short of our ideal self, we feel unhappy

Question 14

Rogers: What are conditions of worth?

Answer 14

We believe we are only worth something if we’ve met conditions that others have imposed on us. They are apart of the ideal self, so if we’re valued for achieving goals set by others we’re going to be unhappy

Question 15

Rogers: what is incongruity?

Answer 15

The gap between the real self and the ideal self. The bigger the gap, the more unhappy we are