Relationship between Content Theories

Question 1

Diiference between Maslow’s and Herzberg’s model

Answer 1

1. Basis of theory
2. Nature of theory
3. Applicability of theory
4. Motivators

Bas N A Mo

Question 2

Difference between Maslow’s and Herzberg’s model
|1. Basis of theory

Answer 2

Maslow's theory:

1. based on Hierarchy of human needs.
2. He identified 5 sets of human needs (on priority basis) and their Satisfaction in motivating employees, while

Herzberg's theory:

1. refers to Hygiene factors and Motivating factors in his theory.
2. Hygiene factors are only Prevent Dissatisfaction while Motivating factors Motivate employees.
3. Hierarchical Arrangement of needs is not given.

Question 3

Difference between Maslow’s and Herzberg’s model
|2. Nature of theory

Answer 3

Maslow's theory:

1. is rather simple and descriptive
2. is based on long experience about human needs, while

Herzberg's theory:

1. is more prescriptive.
2. It suggests Motivating factors which can be used effectively.
3. It is based on information collected by Herzberg after interviewing 203 engineers and accountants.

Question 4

Difference between Maslow’s and Herzberg’s model
|3. Applicability of theory

Answer 4

Maslow's theory:

1. is the most popular and widely cited theory of motivation, and has wide applicability.
2. It is mostly applicable to poor and developing countries where money is still a big motivating factor, while

Herzberg's theory:

1. is an extension of Maslow’s theory of motivation.
2. It is on the other hand applicable to rich and developed countries where money is a less important movtivating factor.

Question 5

Difference between Maslow’s and Herzberg’s model
|4. Motivators

Answer 5

Maslow's theory:

1. any need can act as a motivator provided it is not satisfied

Herzberg's theory:

1. hygiene factors do not act as motivators. Only higher order needs like Achievement, Recognition, Challenging Work act as motivators.

Question 6

Relationship between Maslow’s, Herzberg’s, Alderfer’s and McClleland’s theory

Answer 6

1. Although content theories are different from each other, the overall essence remains the same.
2. There are lower and higher-level needs.
3. Higher level needs are intrinsic motivators, whereas lower level needs are extrinsic movtivators.
4. Manager needs to motivate individual as per his/her needs.
5. Relationship between content based theories:

1) Lower order needs: 

hygiene factors in Herzberg’s theory,
Existence and Relatedness needs in ALderfer’s theory,
and need for Affiliation in McClleland’s theory
are same as lower-level needs in Maslow’s theory (Physiological, Safety & Belongingness).

2) Higher order needs:

Motivators in Herzberg’s theory,
Growth needs in ALderfer’s theory,
and need for Power & Achievement in McClleland’s theory
are same as higher-level needs in Maslow’s theory (Self-esteem, Self-actualization).

Question 7

Relation of Maslow’s Needs with Herzberg’s Factors

Answer 7

Maslow’s Physiological, Safety, Social & lower Self-Esteem ( Status, which may be gained through family ties or social pressures so may not reflect personal achievement or earned recognition ) needs
translate to Herzberg’s Maintenance factors.

Maslow’s higher Self-Esteem ( Recognition, which is gained through Competence and Achievement ) & Self-Actualization needs
translate to Herzberg's Motivation factors.

Question 8

Manifest needs theory which categorizes needs into primary (biological needs like oxygen, food water) and secondary needs (generally referred to as psychological needs), is given by which of the following personalities?

A. Henry Fayol

B. Abraham Maslow

C. Henry Murray

D. David McClelland

E. None of the above

Answer 8

C. Henry Murray

Henry Murray’s Manifest needs Theory:

Manifest needs theory assumes that human behaviour is driven by the desire to satisfy needs. Manifest needs theory laid the groundwork for later theories, most notably McClelland’s learned needs theory. Murray identified needs as one of two types:

Primary needs: Primary needs are basic needs that are based upon biological demands, such as the need for oxygen, food, and water.

Secondary needs: Secondary needs are generally psychological, such as the need for nurturing, independence, and achievement. While these needs might not be fundamental for basic survival, they are essential for psychological well-being.

Question 9

Which of the following needs in Maslow’s theory can be mapped to Hygiene Factors in Herzberg’s theory?

1. Physiological Needs
2. Safety Needs
3. Social Needs

A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. 2 and 3
E. None of the above

Answer 9

C. 1, 2 and 3

Maslows physiological, security, and social needs come under Herzberg’s maintenance factors
whereas self-fulfilment needs come under Herzberg’s motivators.

Question 10

Mr. Sharma leads a team of 15 people. Recently, he observed that there have been lots of conflicts in the team which has seriously impacted the productivity of the team. He has also observed that the team has been under constant stress due to continuous deliverables. Hence, he decided to organize a team outing.

What could be the motivation behind Mr. Sharma’s scheduling of team outings for his subordinates?

A. Hygiene Factors, Herzberg’s theory

B. Relatedness need of ERG theory

C. Social need of Maslow theory

D. A, B and C

E. None of the above

Answer 10

D. A, B and C

Mr. Sharma is trying to address social, interpersonal relations, and stressful situations at work. All of these theories i.e. Hygiene factors of Herzberg’s, the Existence needs of ERG theory, and the Social needs of Maslow’s theory address such issues. Hence, D is the correct answer.