Relations With Indigenous Peoples 1919-1947

Question 1

What did Winston Churchill call Gandhi

Answer 1

Naked fakir

Question 2

AJ Stockwell

Answer 2

“Contempt” from British to indigenous

Question 3

Ireland: what where the reinforcements sent from Britain in the guise of

Answer 3

Black and Tans- don’t send regular military as don’t want to seem heavy handed

Question 4

Ireland: may 1921

Answer 4

Customs house which is a symbol of British authority- attacked and set fire too in Dublin

Initial success turns to disaster nearly 120 IRA men surrender

Biggest setback in history of IRA

Question 5

Ireland: when was the first Ulster parliament

Answer 5

June 7 1921

James Craig forms government in the north

Question 6

Anglo Irish treaty

Answer 6

Dec 1921
26 southern countries independent
6 northern countries remain UK

Question 7

Special powers act: what prompted it

Answer 7

230 killed mainly catholics march 1922 Northern Ireland

Act allows special courts to detain suspects without a trial and impose death penalty

Question 8

How many where killed before fighting ends

Answer 8

5000

Micheal Collins signatore of treaty shot dead by anti treaty republicans aug 1922

Question 9

The Black and Tans: why did Britain send them as policemen

Answer 9

Regarded actions as terrorism not war so relied on police to restore order

Question 10

The Black and Tans: by June 1920 how many policemen had been killed

Answer 10

55

Question 11

The Black and Tans: problems with them being ex soldiers

Answer 11

Been brutalised by war and had lack of order without generals= alienate Irish civilians

Question 12

Middle East: Palestine: tension

Answer 12

In 1930s as more Jews fleeing nazism entered

Question 13

Middle East: Palestine: haganah

Answer 13

Jewish militia

Question 14

Middle East: Palestine: secret units

Answer 14

Militant Jewish nationalists formed secret units eg sterngang militant Zionist terrorists

Question 15

Middle East: Egypt and the Sudan

Who did Britain excile and and what did it cause?

Answer 15

Nationalist leader Saad Zaghlul caused widespread disobedience

Question 16

Middle East: Egypt and the Sudan society

Answer 16

All classes if society joined in with civil disobedience - attack’s on military bases and railways destroyed

Question 17

Middle East: Egypt and the Sudan What happened after the Milner report

Answer 17

Egypt granted independence 1922

Question 18

Middle East: Egypt and the Sudan withdrawal

Answer 18

British didn’t withdraw all troops even after a further treaty in 1936 Britain retained troops in suez area

Question 19

Middle East: Egypt and the Sudan: how did Britain inflame nationalists

Answer 19

By not fully crushing them

Question 20

Evidence that Britain has been disparaging: India

Answer 20

Amritsar massacre

Question 21

Evidence that Britain has been disparaging: Egypt and Sudan

Answer 21

Arresting zaghulul

Question 22

Evidence that Britain has been disparaging: Ireland

Answer 22

Black and Tans

Question 23

Evidence that Britain has been disparaging: Palestine

Answer 23

Reducing Jewish emigration

Promising both Jews and Arabs

Question 24

Evidence that Britain was NOT disparaging: india

Answer 24

Round table conferences

Question 25

Evidence that Britain was NOT disparaging: Egypt and Sudan

Answer 25

Milner report

Question 26

Evidence that Britain was NOT disparaging: Ireland

Answer 26

Mainly slow due to Catholic and Protestant conflict not British

Question 27

Evidence that Britain was NOT disparaging: Palestine

Answer 27

Tried to come up with solutions eg division

Question 28

Who wrote the Milner report and what did it suggest

Answer 28

Alfred Milner- the negotiation of a treaty and recommended the end of a protectorate

Question 29

Was colonial identity real? Leo amery

Answer 29

Aus and NZ imperial sentiment “a passion, almost a religion”

Question 30

When did Aus and NZ adopt statute of Westminster

Answer 30

1942 and 1947

Some parts of empire wanted to remain

Question 31

Did the statute of Westminster weaken colonial ties

Answer 31

Could have had the effect of creating desire for independence

However Robert Johnson saw it as an attempt to “preserve imperial ties. By making timely concessions”

Question 32

West Africa: meeting in Accra

Answer 32

Legislative councils by 1914 are limited

Led to meeting of National Congress of WA 1919 of African elite

Question 33

West Africa: National Congress

Answer 33

Initially ignored

Some concessions 1920s but nationalists still outnumbered by appointed African chiefs

Question 34

West Africa: emergence of young radical groups 1930s

Answer 34

Due to spread of education

West African student union included Nkrumah

Question 35

West Africa: effect of WW2

Answer 35

Accelerated development- Pam African congress 1945 called for independent black Africa

Question 36

East Africa: harry thuku

Answer 36

1st EA political protest movements

Question 37

East Africa: Harry thuku and young kikuyu

Answer 37

Non militant

Question 38

East Africa: Harry thuku East African association

Answer 38

Campaign for African rights and representation

Question 39

East Africa: effect of WW2

Answer 39

Radicalising

1946- Kenya African Union- role in decolonisation