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History- British Empire > Key Individuals > Flashcards

Key Individuals Flashcards

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1
Q

Gandhi

A

Non- violence
Non cooperation 1920
Civil disobedience 1930 (successful)
Quit India 1942

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2
Q

What was the salt March?

A

March- April 1930

Part of Gandhi’s civil disobedience against salt tax- marched to sea to make own salt- 80,000 imprisoned

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3
Q

Was Gandhi a success?

A

2/3 of the movements failed

Wanted rural India- this was rejected and partition happened

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4
Q

Nehru

A

INC 1919
India’s first pm
Wanted modernisation and industrial India

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5
Q

Nehru and the British

A

Supported British in WW2
Imprisoned during anti salt tax
Reluctantly pulled into quit India campaign

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6
Q

Subhas Chandra Bose

A

Wanted INC to adopt more militant line

1943 formed Indian National army

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7
Q

Who did Subhas Chandra Bose ally himself with?

A

Germany and Japan

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8
Q

Muhammad ali Jinnah

A

Muslim league from 1913
Resigned from INC 1920 disagreeing with non violence
Wanted more militant

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9
Q

Where was Jinnah the first governor general of?

A

1947 Pakistan- separate Muslim state

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10
Q

What did Levine say about nationalism

A

“Nationalism was never a single and unified movement”

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11
Q

Colonial administrators: 1914-1947: Edwin Montagu

A

Secutary of state for India 1917-22

Responsible for the reforms which led to gov of India act 1919

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12
Q

Colonial administrators: 1914-1947 lord Linlithgow

A

Viceroy of India 1935-43

Actively promoted more Indians in gov under gov of India act 1935 in hope it would weaken nationalism

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13
Q

What policy did Lord Linlithgow use in civil disobedience campaign

A

Suppression- blamed in India for lack of devel

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14
Q

Colonial administrators: 1914-1947 sir Donald Cameron- who did he have contact with?

A

Son of sugar planter with no degree

Governor of Nigeria 1931 due to contact with lugard

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15
Q

What did Donald Cameron promote and what did he want?

A

Exports of groundnuts and palm oil

Advance colonies economically for a gradual path to self rule

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16
Q

Colonial administrators: 1914-1947 sir Andrew Cohen- what did he cultivate?

A

Served in Malta WW2
Sympathy for native Africans
Understands need for decolonisation even cultivated contacts with African nationalists

17
Q

What is trusteeship

A

Concept where colonies would be ruled with concern for interests of indigenous population that prepares them for self rule

18
Q

Why did trusteeship evolve?

A

Softening racial attitudes
Desire to rule with consent
Response to nationalism

19
Q

1860-1914 colonial administrators: Evelyn Baring

A

Ruled a veiled protectorate in Egypt 1882-1907

Approved the Dufferin report 1883- Egyptian puppet parliament

20
Q

1860-1914 colonial administrators: Cecil Rhodes

A

SA cape colony owned all of SA diamond mines

90% of global diamond production- Kimberly diamond syndicate Rhodesia

21
Q

Cecil Rhodes quote

A

“The more we inhabit the better it is for the human race”

22
Q

1860-1914 colonial administrators: Bartle Frere

A

SA

Provoked Zulu war 1878 as he saw them as an obstacle to planned confederation of SA and transvaal

23
Q

Where did Freres career begin?

A

Indian civil service

24
Q

What happened to Frere?

A

Gladstone withdrew him for acting recklessly

25
Q

1860-1914 colonial administrators: George goldie and the United African company- local treaties

A

Controlled 30 trading posts

Over 450 local treaties transferred territory and jurisdiction to company

26
Q

George goldie: what did the United African company become in 1886?

A

Royal niger company

27
Q

George goldie

What did the tribal chiefs get in return?

A

Weapons, protection

28
Q

1860-1914 colonial administrators: lugard

A

Worked for goldie in Nigeria

29
Q

Lugard- significance

A

Promoting indirect rule over colonies- thought crown colony model is artificial and dangerous
Important to not trample on native authority or customs

30
Q

1860-1914 colonial administrators: William McKinnon

A

Founded British Indian steam navigation company

Ship owner and businessman

31
Q

William McKinnon company

A

Imperial British east Africa company trading in Indian Ocean and Burma

32
Q

1860-1914 colonial administrators: John Kirk

A

Medical officer for Livingstone

Vice consul of Zanzibar which he ran as a client state

33
Q

Linlithgow aims

A

Questionable- perhaps just to crush nationalists

History- British Empire (16 decks)

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