Relations Outside Asia Confkict Flashcards
De stalinisation
Wanted to redefine relationship between soviet and its eastern bloc achieve long term political stability economic growth and improved living conditons but without changing basic structure of communist system . On 25 February secret speech which reported statins crimes - clones of communist system to Russia , cult of personality, centralise planning secret police would be demolished
Poland June to October 1956
After secret speech many demanded more political freedom and national sovereignty 28th June protested about wage cites and poor working conditions- economic grivience anti communist uprising which it led to. Golmulka elected secretary of the polish United workers party in October would be first secretary as long as reforms carried out were in line with communism wouldn’t threaten local communist rule. Golmulka skilfully balanced need for polish security with allowing presence if soviet troops in Poland to placate Moscow.
Force was not used by Khrushchev because China supported polish communist sorry . Part of increasing role played in international communism by China
Hungary
October - November
22 October - demanded 16 demands - including imre Nagy as prime ministers, withdrawal of s troops from Hungary
Freedom of speech and multi party elections,
Armed revolts until 24 October imre Nagy beckons pm immediately with soviet delegation to ensure military intervention was not needed
28 - agreed to withdraw s troops from Hungary during next two days began to withdraw part due to pressure from China. Communist regime in Hungary would be able to be undermined would destroy integrity of communism in Europe 31 October reversed its decision
1 November announce would withdraw from Warsaw Pact
November 3 15 divisions of s army surrounded Budapest
New gov by Janos Lamar installed communist loyal to Moscow 4000 had been killed in this intervention
Peaceful coexistence
Abandoned Marxist Lenin idea that war between socialist and capitalist was inevitable
Claimed communism so powerful would be victorious without war
Soviet states could concentrate resources on internal improvement and progress rather than a ideological war with west
Existing less in a volatile environment
Limited because these were some of Khrushchevs foreign policies
Soviet Union must be unchallenged leader in socialist community within Europe and growing competition with China
Firm grip on eastern blocs
Germany must be prevented from rearming and becoming a future threat to Soviet Union
International tensions has to be defused and care taken not nesscercarily to provoke the USA
Engaging the USA in diplomacy to diffuse tension where possible and prevent direct confrontation.
Austrian treaty
Soviet policy towards Germany was closely linked to Austria
USSR favoured unified German state that was neutralised and could offer no threat to Soviet Union
Had focused on receiving economic aid from Austria as they had from soviet zone in Germany
By 1955 user showing serious intent of embarking on negotiations over future f Austria
May -1955 withdrawal of all occupying powers and declaration that. Austria would be a neutral state in line with user willingness to Finland and Yugoslavia as a neutral state
Showed serious intent towards mutual cooperation between Cold War powers removed potential conflict
After this western powers removed occupation forces from west Germany consolidated east west position following peaceful coexistence
Positions of powers in Geneva summit
Needed to slow down arms race to allow Russia needed extensive conventional forces to ensure compliance among eastern bloc also needed to promote internal economic development in soviet union
1955 NATO to reassure French of any resurgence of German militarism western powers would place large amount of permanent force of troops in Europe urgency for a summit
Major issues at Geneva conference
Open skies proposal - end deadlock over issue of the superpowers inspecting each other nuclear arsenals each side to provide details of military installations and to allow aerial reconnaissance rejected proposal by Khrushchev
Future of Germany
Proposed by Eisenhower - reunified Germany free elections, freedom to ensure own security would become part of NATO Khrushchev would only contemplate if Germany was demilitarised and neutral refused to discuss future of eastern blocs
Appeared to mark beginning of dialogue between superpowers marked a pint of calm in international relations
Paris summit 1960
Camp David talks
1959 Khrushchev visited USA and talked with Eisenhower
Discussed disarmament, and situation of Berlin , agreed to settle international issues through diplomacy , rather than through force
Many reaffirmation of peaceful coexistence but would cause deterioration up in relations with China reinforced USA idea communist power bloc not created between China and user
Paris summit 1960
January 1961 Kennedy elected speech saying would do whatever nessercary regardless of cost , to support survival of Liberty and freedom reaffirmation of Truman doctrine
Damned future of peaceful coexistence
Expansion of nuclear arsenal
June 1961 Vienna
Convinced Kennedy was young politically inexperienced whole was vulnerable and eh could easily manipulate after recent bay of pigs incident
Kennedy refused to compromise over status of Berlin , Khrushchevs demand that Berlin should cease to be an escape route for East Germans Kennedy told American people west. Berlin was a symbol of freedom. Berlin was symbol of Cold War confrontation and global difference between powers after Vienna 25 July build up of NATO
