Alliances And Shift

Question 1

Expansion of alliance system

Answer 1

Eisenhiwers strategy aimed to create a global network of alliances in order to encircle the ussr and China with pro U.S. a judged that shift of emphasis was a means of compensating for lack of development of conventional forces. U.S. Forces would be replaced by those of us allies would reduce U.S. Conventional forces but keep up idea of containment providing a nuclear umbrella

Question 2

South East Asia collective defence treaty

Answer 2

1950 sin soviet alliance was formed providing defence related technology to China during sept to October Khrushchev visited China as a sign of reinforcement of sino soviet relations user provided significant aid and technological expertise to China strengthening. It’s economy and national security. Formed in 1954 many members were not from Southern Asia had interest areas that needed protection were places like Burma, South Vietnam , Laos and Cambodia

Question 3

Frg and NATO

Answer 3

Way of strengthening country was to align to western powers novemebr joined council of Europe right to consult other countries and have direct representation were admitted to nato user immediatky recognised sovereignty of East Germany and created Warsaw Pact was able to have a firmer grip of Eastern European States.

Question 4

Warsaw Pact

Answer 4

1955
Just as nato had legitimised U.S. influence in Western Europe , soviet was legitimising its influence in Eastern Europe.
Consolidated it control over the individual communist parties in eastern bloc states

Question 5

What aims of Truman did Eisenhower agree with

Answer 5

National security policy
USA must retain influence in Western Europe and there should be collective western defence strategy which included Germany and its economic and military potential
USA must retain influence in Asia
Soviet threat was significant and real and containment of soviet territorial expansions was fundamental to U.S. security interests
The USA must retain a strong nuclear arsenal and conventional forces in order to deter and counter soviet opportunism
However , rejected trumans commitment to major expansions regardless of cost and of USA conventional forces containment was limited and that its effectiveness was insufficient as basis of U.S. foreign policy

Question 6

Eisnehowers and Dulles aim

Answer 6

Wanted to roll back communism and Moscow power as part of aim to bring Cold War to successful conclusion for USA U.S. national security , guaranteed of international peace was dependant upon reduction of dominance of soviet communism globally.
Eisenhower acceptance of principle of liberation but insisted would only occur through peaceful means Eisenhower never tried to undermine ussr

Question 7

Massive retaliation

Answer 7

Nuclear weapons carried a greater significance as basis for U.S. national security strategy and USA Cold War stance .
Increased reliance on nuclear weapons which was much less apparent in Truman administration
Presented as cost effective method of guaranteeing the USA security
Nsc-162/2 most effective way to deter aggression against Western Europe was for the USA to forcefully display its determination to use nuclear weapons and its nuclear superiority against any aggressor

Question 8

Brinkmanship

Answer 8

Would use nuclear strength to attempt to force agreement from communist opponents up to very point nuclear war might break out
Strategy to convince opponent that there is a risk of actual war on side shows no sign of backing down used to force other side into having to back down at face of actual conflict