Regulations Flashcards
What equipment on your airplane must be operational prior to a flight?
T - Tachometer for each engine O - Oil pressure for each engine M - manifold pressure for each engine A - Altimeter / Anti-collision lights T - Temperature gauge for each engine O - Oil temperature for each engine
F - Fuel gauge for each engine (flotation device if flying over water) L - Landing gear light if retractable A - Airspeed indicator M - Magnetic directional indicator S - Safety belts
What is required of the pilot-in-command as to preflight action?
91.103 Preflight Actions
A PIC shall become familiar with all available information concerning that flight: weather, airport information, fuel requirements, alternatives available, T/O and landing distance, runway lengths, other reliable information appropriate to the aircraft, aircraft performance, airport elevation and runway slope, weight & balance, and wind and temperature
As a private pilot, may you be paid to fly an airplane?
61.113 - Private Pilot Privilege and limitations
No person who holds a private pilot certificate may act as PIC of an aircraft that is carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire; nor may that person for compensation or hire act as PIC of an aircraft.
A private pilot may, for compensation or hire, act as PIC of an aircraft in connection with any business or employment if the flight is only incidental to that business or employment and the aircraft does not carry passengers or property for compensation or hire.
A private pilot may not pay less than the pro rata share of the operating expenses of a flight with passengers, provided the expenses involve only fuel, oil, airport expenditures, or rental fees.
A private pilot may act as PIC of a charitable, nonprofit, or community event flight as described by 91.146
A private pilot may be reimbursed for aircraft operating expense that are directly related to search and location operations, providing the expenses involved only fuel, oil, airport, or rental fees, and the operation is sanctioned and under the control of a local, state, or federal agency or organization that conducts search and location operations
A private pilot who is an aircraft sales person and has at least 200 hours logged may demonstrate an aircraft in flight to a prospective buyer
When does your private pilot certificate expire?
A private pilot certificate does not expire. However, a pilot must maintain currency and recent flight experience that is relevant to the flight being undertaken and a medical certificate.
How do you stay current as a private pilot?
Maintain a valid medical certificate which is valid for 5 years if you’re under 40 and 2 years if you’re over 40
Take a flight review every 2 years
And to carry passengers complete 3 take offs and landings in the past 90 days for day flight. For night flights the landings must be to a full stop
What must you do within 90 days to be legal to carry passengers?
To carry passengers complete 3 take offs and landings in the past 90 days for day flight. For night flights the landings must be to a full stop
Who is responsible for determining if an airplane is in good condition for safe flight?
The pilot in command
May a private pilot share operating expenses?
Yes, as long as the expense are limited to: fuel, oil, airport and rental fees
What class medical is required for a private pilot operations?
A class 3 medical or BasicMed
If you have a first class medical, what is the duration of the medical and if not renewed, what are the durations of the second and third class medicals?
61.23
First Class
Under 40: 12 months
Over 40: 6 months
Second Class
Under 40: 5 years
Over 40: 2 years
Third Class:
Under 40: 5 years
Over 40: 2 years
What documents are required on board every aircraft?
A - Airworthiness Certificate R - Registration R - Radio operating license (outside US) O - Operating Handbook W - Weight & Balance
What inspection must every aircraft undergo to remain airworthy?
91.409
Every aircraft must undergo an annual inspection every 12 months to be legal to operate
What additional inspection must every aircraft operated for hire undergo?
91.409
To operate for hire an aircraft must also under an a 100 hour inspection
You have received all of your training in a cessna 172 and are current in that airplane. As a private pilot may you carry passengers in a Cessna 152?
61.57
Yes, a C 172 and 152 are of the same class and category and neither require a type rating. Thus under 61.57 having currency in a 172 would allow you to carry passengers in a 152. However, unless you are also proficient in a 152 this wouldn’t be a good idea.
Are you legal to fly a single-engine land airplane with your private pilot certificate?
Yes, as long as you have obtained the necessary training and endorsements for that class of aircraft
How is night time define for purposes of currency?
For lighting requirements night is defined as sunset to sunrise where you position and anticollision, if equipped, light must be turned on.
You can log night time flight at the end of evening civil twilight to the beginning of morning civil twilight.
And to be current to carry passengers you need to log 3 full-stop landings between 1h after sunset till 1 hour before sunrise within the past 90 days.
When must an airplanes position light be ON?
91.209
Position light, and if equipment anti collision light, must be on from sunset to sunrise.
What lights are required on the airplane for night operations?
91.209
Landing Lights, position/nav lights, and anti-collision lights
What is an ELT?
Emergency Locator Transmitter. It’s a device designed to transmit a distress signal on 121.5/243.0 MHz (also 406 MHz on newer ELTs)
Who is required to have an ELT onboard?
91.207
Required by all US civil airplane category aircraft except as provided in 91.207 e and f.
Everyone is required to have an ELT except:
- When ferrying a new aircraft for the ELT to be install
- Ferrying an aircraft where an ELT will be fixed
- Aircraft engaged in scheduled flight by scheduled operators
- Training aircraft within 50 nautical mile radius of the airport
- New aircraft in flight operations incident to their manufacture, preparation, and delivery
- Aircraft while engaged in flight operations incident to design and testing
- Aircraft used in agricultural flights
- Aircraft showing compliance in crew training, exhibition, air racing or market survey
- Aircraft equipped to carry not more than one person
- Aircraft for each an ELT has been temporarily removed for repair or replacement with a 90 day limit on operations
How can you tell if an ELT’s batteries are legal for flight?
The battery has not reached 50% of its useful life, is within its expiration date, and has no operated for 1 cumulative hour without being replaced
When should the ELT battery be replaced?
After it has reached 50% of its useful life.
What is the emergency radio frequency?
121.5 MHz
What is the transponder code for an emergency?
7700
What is the transponder operation procedure for loss of radio communications?
7600
When is a Mode C transponder required?
In Class A, B or C airspace
Above the ceiling and within the lateral boundaries of Class B and C airspace up to 10,000 MSL
Class E airspace at and above 10,000 MSL within the 48 states and DC, excluding airspace at and below 2,500 AGL
When must you have a flight review?
Every 23 calendar months
What is the difference between a 100 hour and an annual inspection?
An annual inspection can be performed only by an A&P mechanic who hold an inspection authorization while a 100 hour does not required an IA
What document must be carried by the PIC?
61.3
Pilot certificate, government issued photo identification, medical certificate, and any endorsement, ratings, certificates, and authorization required for the flight
Where are the aircraft maintenance records kept?
91.417
They are kept by the aircraft owner in a safe location outside of the aircraft
(RAC Clubhouse)
When must you use supplemental oxygen?
91.211
When operating between 12,500 and 14,000 MSL for more than 30 minutes (unless you are not part of the minimum flight crew)
Above 14,000 MLS unless you are not part of the minimum required flight crew
Above 15,000 MLS for all occupants of the aircraft
When flying at 12,500 MSL how long could you fly without using oxygen?
30 minutes if you are part of the minimum required flight crew
Where may an aircraft’s operating limitations be found?
The Limitations section of the aircrafts POH
How long after consuming alcoholic beverages must you wait before flying?
8 hours
What are the minimum FAR requirements for a pilot to legally carry passengeres?
Day Time:
3 take off and landings in the same category, class, and type (if a type rating is required) within the past 90 days
Night Time and tailwheels:
Same as day time but the landings must be done to a full-stop
What cloud clearances and visibility requirement are required by the FARs when flying the traffic pattern at KRDG?
3 statute mile visibility
500 feet below
1,000 feet above
2,000 feet horizontally
What are the VFR minimums or minimum weather conditions that must exist for VFR flight in controlled airspace?
91.155
Below 10,000 MSL
3 statues miles and 500 feet below, 1,000 feet above, and 2,000 feet horizontally
Above 10,000 MSL
5 statute miles, 1,000 feet below, 1,000 feet above, 1 statute mile horizontally
What are the VFR minimums in uncontrolled airsapce?
Day:
1 statute mile and clear of clouds
Night:
3 statute miles and 500 feet below, 1,000 feet above, 2,000 feet horizontally
What are the VFR minimums in class D airspace
3 statute miles
500 feet below
1,000 feet above
2,000 feet horizontally
What is a special VFR clearance?
Special VFR is an ATC authorization for a VFR aircraft to operate in weather that is less than the basic VFR minima. That is less than 1,000 foot ceiling and 3 mile visibility.
To get special VFR visibility must be at least 1 statute mile the pilot must remain clear of clouds and if at night the pilot but be IFR rated in an IFR rated aircraft
Who issues a special VFR clearance?
Special VFR clearances are issues by ATC
What is controlled airspace?
Controlled airspace is a generic term that covers the difference classifications of airspace and defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided in accordance with the airspace classification
What is signified by the magenta and blue circles?
Magenta circle define Class C airspace and its dimensions while blue ones depict Class D airspace and it’s dimensions.
What are the weather minimums for normal flight in Class B airsapce?
3 statute mile visibility and clear of clouds
Is special VFR permitted at night? If so, under what conditions?
To obtain a SVFR clearance at night you must be an IFR rated pilot in an IFR rater aircraft
What is Class C airspace?
Airspace from the surface to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation surrounding those airports that have an operational control tower, are serviced by radar approach control, and have a certain number of IFR operations or passenger enplanements.
What are the weather minimums outside of Class D airspace?
Outside of class D airspace and not within class C or B airspace the weather minimum are:
E below 10,000 feet:
3 statute miles 500 feet below, 1,000 feet above, 2,000 feet horizontally
above 10,000 feet 5 statute miles and 1,000 feet below, 1,000 feet above, and 1 miles horizontally
G 1,200 feet AGL
Day: 1 statute miles clear of clouds
Night: 3 status miles 5,1,2
Above 1,200 AGL and below 10,000 MSL
Day: 1 statute mile, 5,1,2
Night: 3 statute miles, 5,1,2
More than 1,200 AGL and 10,000 MSL 5 statute miles and 1,1,1
What is Class E airspace?
Class E airspace is controlled airspace where VFR pilots don’t need any special clearances but IFR pilots do
Class E can start at the surface as depicted by a dashed magenta circle
700 AGL inside a fuzzy magenta border
1,200 AGL insider blue faded lines or blue zipper lines
Class E airspace extend up to 17,999 MSL or the floor of another airspace.
What is required to enter Class C airspace?
Mode C transponder
Two-way radio
Must establish two way radio communication
What is required to enter Class D airspace?
Must have a two-way radio and establish two-way radio communication with ATC prior to entering the airspace
What is required to enter Class B airspace?
91.131
ATC clearance
Two-way radio
Mode C transponder and automatic altitude reporting equipment
ADS-B Out
What is required to enter a TRSA?
AIM 3-5-6
Terminal Radar Service Area is essentially Class D airport and Class E airspace outside of the airport with the same entry and weather requirements as already specified for those classes of airspace. Although not required, aircraft are encouraged to avail themselves and participate in the TRSA when inside its bounds
How is class B airspace identified on a sectional chart?
Solid blue lines around the primary airport
How is a TRSA identified on the sectional chart?
Solid gray line around the primary Class D airport
Can you land at a controlled airport without a radio?
Yes, with prior coordination with the controlling facility
How can Class C and Class D and their limits be identified on a sectional chart?
Class C
Solid magenta lines around the primary Class C airport. The limits for each shelf are show within the bound as a fraction TOP OF AIRSPACE / BOTTOM OF AIRSPACE
Class D Solid blue circle around the primary airport. Class D starts are the surface and goes up to the altitude specified in the blue box within the class d boundary
What information is provided to a pilot by the Automated Terminal Information Service (ATIS)?
ATIS provides advanced non-control airport and terminal information such as current weather, active runway, available approached, and any other information required by the pilot such as important NOTAMs.
What information should a pilot provide when telephoning a weather briefing facility for preflight weather information?
Type of flight planned VFR/IFR Aircraft Number / Pilots Name Aircraft Type Departure Airport Route of Flight Destination Flight altitude ETD and ETE
In the case of of lost radio contact with a control tower what is the prescribed action for the traffic pattern entry, approach, and landing?
AIM 4-2-13
Stay outside of the Class D surface area until the direction and flow of traffic has been established join the traffic pattern and maintain visual contact with the tower to receive light signals. Acknowledge signals by rocking your wings
What are the dimensions of the standard Class C airspace?
Class C airspace is individually tailored but usually consists of a surface area with a five NM radius, an outer circle with a ten NM radius that extends from 1,200 feet to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation
What are the dimension of the standard Class D airspace?
Generally surface to 2,500 feet above the airport elevation and a radius of 5 SM
