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Systems: Cardiovascular > Regulation of stroke volume & heart rate > Flashcards

Regulation of stroke volume & heart rate Flashcards

1
Q

What do the sympathetic nerves release?

A

Noradrenaline

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2
Q

Where is circulating adrenaline coming from?

A

Adrenal medulla

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3
Q

What does noradrenaline act on?

A
  • B1-receptors

- Sinoatrial

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4
Q

What does noradrenaline do to the slope of the regulation of the heart?

A

Increases it

-meaning faster depolarisation

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5
Q

What is the name for increased heart rate?

A

-Tachycardia

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6
Q

What nerve in the parasympathetic system innervates the heart?

A

Vagus

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7
Q

What does the vagus nerve release?

A

Acetylcholine

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8
Q

What is a decreased heart heart rate called?

A

Bradycardia

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9
Q

What is starlings law?

A

The energy of contraction is proportional to the intiail length of the cardiac muscle

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10
Q

What is another way of thinking about preload?

A

length

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11
Q

What determines preload?

A

EDV

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12
Q

What happens if venous return is increased?

A

increase in EDV= Increase in stroke volume

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13
Q

What does this reaction to preload mean in vivo?

A

Matches SV of left & right ventricles

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14
Q

What is after load?

A

Load against which the muscle tries to contract

-in vivo against aortaic valve and peripheral resistance of arterioles

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15
Q

What happens to stroke volume if total peripheral resistance is increased?

A

L ventricle has to work harder to open aortic valve and therefore has less energy to pump out blood. Lower stroke volume

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16
Q

What kind of vessels affect preload?

A

-Capacitancy vessels ie venules and veins

17
Q

What vessels affect afterload?

A

Resistance vessels ie arteries and arterioles

18
Q

What happens if you constrict veins?

A

Lager EDV larger preload larger stroke volume

19
Q

What does inotopic mean?

A

Effecting strength

20
Q

What does Chronotopic mean?

A

Effecting rate

21
Q

What happens to contraction when sympathetic innervation takes over?

A

-Gives stronger and shorter contraction

22
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic system on the stroke volume of the heart?

A

-Little effect

23
Q

Why does the parasympathetic system have little effect on stroke volume?

A

Vagus nerve does not innervate the ventricle muscle

24
Q

What effect does hypercalcemia have on starlings curve?

A

-Shifts curve up and left

higher stroke volume with lower EDV

25
Q

What effect does hypocalcemia have on starlings curve?

A

Shifts curve down and to the right

lower SV and larger EDV

26
Q

What effect does ischaemia have on starlings curve?

A

Shirts curve down and right

lower SV and larger EDV

27
Q

How does heart react to lower SV?

A

Increases EDV if only left side is effected

28
Q

What numerical value tells you where youre working on starlings curve?

A

Ejection fraction

EDV/SV

29
Q

What effects do barbiturates have on starling curve?

A

Down and to the right

30
Q

How do you measure cardiac output?

A

Heart rate x stroke volume

31
Q

What does increasing heart rate with an electrical pacemaker do and why?

A

Small increase in CO but the SV decreases

WHY?
Shortening cardiac interval cuts into the rapid filling phase.
Reduces EDV and reduces preload so lower SV

32
Q

What happens to HR and how when you exercise?

A

HR increases

  • Via decreased vagal tone
  • & Increased sympatheic tone
33
Q

What happens to Contractility and how when you exercise?

A

Contractility increases

  • via increased sympathetic tone
  • alters inotropic state & shortens systole
34
Q

What happens to venous return and how when you exercise?

A

Increases

  • Via venoconstriction
  • & skeletal/respiratory
  • maintains preload
35
Q

What happens to Total peripheral resistance and how when you exercise?

A

falls

  • Due to arteriolar dilation in muscle skin &heart
  • Reduces aterload
36
Q

CO increases by how much when exercising?

A

4-6 times

Systems: Cardiovascular (31 decks)

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