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Systems: Cardiovascular > Long term control of blood pressure > Flashcards

Long term control of blood pressure Flashcards

1
Q

What is long term control of blood pressure regulated by?

A

Control of plasma volume by the kidney

NOT baroreflex

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2
Q

How many hormone systems regulate long term control?

A

3

  • Renin-angiotension-aldosterone system
  • Antidiuretic factor (ADH, vasopressin)
  • Atrial natriuretic peptide
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3
Q

What are the functions of the kidney system? (gwan for the craic)

A
  • Excretion of waste products
  • Maintenance of ion balance
  • Regulation of pH
  • Regulation of osmolarity
  • Regulation of plasma volume
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4
Q

How does kidney regulate plasma volume?

A

-Making collecting duct very permeable to water will result in lots of water reabsorption, little urine, and conserve plasma volume

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5
Q

Where is renin produced?

A

From the juxtaglomerular (granule cells) of the kidney

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6
Q

What triggers renin production?

A
  • Activation of sympathetic nerves to the juxtaglomerular apparatus- decreased MAP
  • Decreased distension of afferent arteioles (renal baroreflex)- Decreased MAP
  • Decreased delivery of Na+/Cl- through the tubule- Decreased MAP
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7
Q

What does Renin do?

A

-Converts inactive angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1

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8
Q

What is angiotensin 1 converted to and how?

A

Converted to angiotensin 2 by angiotensin converting enzyme

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9
Q

What does angiotensin 2 do? (3 things)

A
  • Stimulates release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex
  • Increased release of ADH
  • Vasocontriction
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10
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A
  • Increases NA+ Reabsorption in the loop of Henle

- Reduces diuresis and increases plasma volume

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11
Q

What does ADH do?

A
  • Increases water permeability of the collecting duct
  • Therefore reduces diuresis and increase plasma volume
  • Increases sense of thirst
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12
Q

Explain how renin-angiotensin -aldosterone system is a negative feedback system?

A
  • Multiple mechansims detect decrease in MAP
  • Stimulates release of renin
  • Evokes multiple mechanisms which increase MAP
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13
Q

Where is ADH made?

A

-Synthesised in hypothalamus

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14
Q

Where is ADH Released from?

A

Posterior pituitary

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15
Q

What triggers ADH release?

A
  • A decrease in blood volume (as sensed by cardiopulmonary baroreceptors and relayed via medullary cardiovascular centres)
  • An increase in osmolarity of interstitial fluid (as sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus)
  • Circulating angiotensin 2 (triggered by the renin angiotensisn- aldosterone system)
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16
Q

What does ADH do?

A
  • Increases permeability of collecting duct

- Causes vasoconstriction

17
Q

What is an alternative name foe ADH?

A

-Vasoopressin

18
Q

What is ANP?

A

Artrial natriuretic peptide

19
Q

Where is ANP produced?

A

-Produced in, and released from myocardial cells in the atria

20
Q

What triggers release of ANP?

A

Increased distension of the atrium

21
Q

What does ANP do?

A
  • Increase excretion of Na+
  • Inhibits the release of renin
  • Acts on medullary CV centres to reduce MAP
22
Q

What is hypertension?

A

Increased blood pressure

23
Q

What percentage of cases are secondary hypertension?

A

-5-10%

24
Q

How is hypertension treatment?

A
  • Ca2+ channel antagonists
  • B-adrenoreceptor antagonists
  • Thiazide diuretics
  • Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
25
Q

Why are Ca2+ channels blocked to treat hypertension?

A

-Stops hard contraction of heart and contraction of smooth muscle

26
Q

Why are B1 receptors blocked to treat hypertension?

A

Beta-1 is activated by symp system to increase heart rate and CO

27
Q

What does thiazide diuretics do to treat hypertension?

A

Acts on sodium transporter increases rate - more wee

28
Q

How do angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors work to treat hypertension?

A

Stops angiotensin 2 ever being created

And blocks angiotensin 2 receptors are also blocked (just incase)

Systems: Cardiovascular (31 decks)

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