Embryology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define vasculogenesis?

A

Defined as the new formation of a primitive vascular network

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2
Q

Define angiogenesis?

A

Defined as the growth of new vesssels from pre-existing blood vessels

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3
Q

Vitelline system supplies what?

A

Yolk sac

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4
Q

Cardinal system supplies what?

A

Body wall

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5
Q

Umbilical system supplies what?

A

Placenta

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6
Q

What develops during 4&5th week?

A

Pharyngeal arches

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7
Q

What is the fate of arch 1+2?

A

Maxillary arteries

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8
Q

What is the fate of arch 3?

A

Common carotid and first part of internal carotid arteries

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9
Q

What is the fate of left side of arch 4?

A

Arch of aorta (distal portion)

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10
Q

What is the fate of the right side of arch 4?

A

Right subclavian atery

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11
Q

What is the fate of the left side of arch 6?

A

Left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus

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12
Q

What is the fate of the right arch 6?

A

Right pulmonary artery

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13
Q

Where do most defects arise from?

A

Persistence of aortic arches that normally should regress or regression of arches that normally shouldnt.

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14
Q

What forms during double aortic arch

A

Vascular ring around trachea and esophagus

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15
Q

What is patent ductus arteriosis?

A

condition wherein the ductus arteriosis fails to close after birth

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16
Q

What symptoms can be seen in PDA?

A

Increased work of breathing

poor weight gain

17
Q

What can PDA lead to if not untreated?

A

congestive heart failure

18
Q

What is coarctication of the aorta?

A

Congenital condition where aorta is narrow, usually in the area where the ductus arteriosus inserts

19
Q

What is the fate of vitelline arteries?

A
  1. Celiac artery
  2. Superior mesenteric artery
  3. Inferior mesenteric artery
20
Q

What is superior mesenteric artery providing?

A

Midgut

21
Q

What happens to umbilical arteries afterbirth?

A

Proximal portion= Persists as interal iliac and superior vesical branches
Distal portion=degenerates to form obliteral umbilical arteries & forms medial umbilical ligaments

22
Q

What do vitelline veins drain?

A

yolk sac

23
Q

What happens to right umbilical vein?

A

-Degenerates completely

24
Q

What happens to left umbilical vein?

A

-Obliterates and forms ligamentum teres of adult liver

25
Q

What happens to the ductus venosus?

A

Obliterates and forms ligamentum venosum

26
Q

What is the fate of the cardinal veins?

A

Form Vena Cava (system by anastomosis) among the veins

27
Q

Name some abnormalities of venous system?

A

Double IVC
Abscence of IVC
Left SVC
Double SVC

28
Q

When does lymphatic system develop?

A

End of sixth week around main veins

29
Q

How many primary lymph sacs develop at the end of embryonic period?

A

six

30
Q

What are the three important vascular structures in the transitional circulation?

A
  • Ductus venousus
  • Oval foramen
  • Ductus arteriosis
31
Q

What does the ductus venousus do?

A

Shunts left umbilical vein blood flow directly to IVC; allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver

32
Q

What does the oval foramen do?

A

Allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right (bypass lungs)

33
Q

What does the ductus arteriosis do?

A

Allows blood that still escapes to the right ventricles to bypass lungs

34
Q

What does the ductus venosus become?

A

Ligamentum venosum

35
Q

What is patent ductus arteriosus associated with?

A

Maternal rubella infection -early pregnancy

36
Q

What is the cause of patent ductus arteriosis

A

Failure of muscular wall to contract, respiratory distress syndrome and lack of surfactant in the lungs