Regulation of Cardiac Activity and Circulation Flashcards
What happens to the arterial pressure as compliance decreases?
The systolic pressure will increase and the diastolic pressure will decrease.
The pulse pressure will widen as a result.
What happens to the arterial pressure as the peripheral resistance increases?
The systolic and diastolic pressure will both increase but the diastolic pressure will increase much more.
What happens to the arterial pressure as compliance increases?
The systolic pressure will decrease and the diastolic pressure will increase.
The pulse pressure will narrow as a result.
What happens to the arterial pressure as peripheral resistance decreases?
The systolic and diastolic pressure will both decrease, but the diastolic pressure will decrease more.
How does an increase in the cardiac output affect the mean arterial pressure?
It will increase it
How does an increase in the heart rate affect the mean arterial pressure?
It will increase the cardiac output, which will increase the mean arterial pressure.
How does an increase in venous return affect mean arterial pressure?
It will increase the cardiac output and it will increase the mean arterial pressure.
How does a decrease in the blood volume affect the mean arterial pressure?
It will lower the venous return and lower the mean arterial pressure.
How does anemia affect the mean arterial pressure?
It will lower the hematocrit, which will decrease blood viscosity and it will decrease the resistance which will decrease the mean arterial pressure.
How does increased metabolic activity affect the mean arterial pressure?
Metabolites will cause dilation of the vessels and the resistance will decrease as a result, and the mean arterial pressure will be decreased.
How will angiotensin affect the mean arterial pressure?
It will cause vasoconstriction, which will increase the resistance and increase the pressure.
What is the mean right atrial pressure?
2 mmHg
What is the right ventricular systolic pressure?
25 mmHg
What is the right ventricular diastolic pressure?
2 mmHg
What is the mean left atrial pressure?
6 mmHg
What is the left ventricular systolic pressure?
120 mmHg
What is the left ventricular diastolic pressure?
6 mmHg
What is the pulmonary artery pressure?
25/10 mmHg
What is the pulmonary wedge pressure?
6 mmHg
What is the mean brachial artery pressure?
95 mmHg
What is the mean central venous pressure?
5 mmHg
Is the intrathoracic or extra thoracic venous pressure greater?
Extrathoracic
Why is the extra thoracic venous pressure greater than the intrathoracic pressure?
The blood is coming off of the arteries which have a higher pressure than the CVP which is in the intrathoracic cavity.
What effect does aortic stenosis have on aortic arterial pressure?
The aortic arterial can actually decrease due to the stenosis creating a larger pressure gradient.
Normal is 120/80 -> 110/75
What effect does aortic stenosis have on left ventricular pressure?
The after load would have a massive increase and it would go up to 220/10 from the normal 115/5
What effect does aortic stenosis have on pulmonary artery pressure?
It would only have a slight increase from 25/10 to 30/18
What effect does aortic stenosis have on the central venous pressure?
Largely unchanged
What effect does aortic stenosis have on heart rate?
It would increase the heart rate slightly going from a normal 72 to 84 due to the increased after load reduction the cardiac output. Baroreceptor reflex.
What effect does aortic valve stenosis have on the left atrial pressure?
It is mostly unchanged going from 6 to 12.
What effect does mitral valve stenosis have on arterial pressure?
It will decrease the arterial pressure from normal to 84/52 due to causing problems with preload.
What effect does mitral valve stenosis have on left ventricular pressure?
LV pressure would decrease, especially systolic pressure, going to 87/5 because of the preload decreasing.
What effect does mitral valve stenosis have on pulmonary artery pressure?
It would increase it drastically due to the mitral valve stenosis causing a back up into the artery and possibly resulting in pulmonary edema.
Pressure would go to 40/30
What effect does mitral valve stenosis have on central venous pressure?
It would be largely unchanged
What effect does mitral valve stenosis have on heart rate?
Heart rate would increase in order to compensate for decreased preload.
What effect does mitral valve stenosis have on left atrial pressure?
It would increase it due to the backup because of the mitral valve stenosis. It would go from being around 6 to 30.
What effect does a decrease in venous return have on arterial pressure?
Arterial pressure would decrease slightly but it is well tolerated.
Goes to 90/50
What effect does a decrease in venous return have on pulmonary arterial pressure?
Goes to 16/8. Small change
What effect does a decrease in venous return have on central venous pressure?
It would decrease significantly, falling to -2 as the veins are collapsing due to the negative pressure.
What effect does a decrease in venous return have on heart rate?
Heart rate would increase in order to attempt to increase cardiac output back up to normal levels
What effect does an increase in systemic vascular resistance have on arterial pressure?
It will increase both the systolic and diastolic pressure, but will increase diastolic more.
What effect does an increase in systemic vascular resistance have on pulmonary arterial pressure?
It remains largely unchanged
What effect does an increase in systemic vascular resistance have on CVP?
Remains unchanged
What effect does an increase in systemic vascular resistance have on heart rate?
Heart rate will decrease to 45 in response to the increased pressures.
What effect does sinus tachycardia have on the arterial and pulmonary pressures and the heart rate?
Heart rate increases to 120
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure has slight increase to 28/18
Arterial pressure decreases due to increased HR to 110/64
What effect does ventricular tachycardia have on the arterial and pulmonary pressures and the heart rate?
HR increases to 151
PAP increases to 24/20
Arterial Pressure decreases to 82/60 due to increased HR
What effect does ventricular fibrillation have on the arterial and pulmonary pressures and the heart rate?
HR 0
PAP 18/18
Arterial Pressure 19/19 - this is the mean circulatory pressure
CVP 18 - increases as blood pools in the central venous pool
What effect does atrial fibrillation have on the arterial and pulmonary pressures and the heart rate?
HR 120 - HR is determined by AV node refractory period
PAP - unchanged at 25/15
Arterial Pressure is slightly decreased at 100/60 due to increased HR
