Adolescent Development Flashcards
What is the function of FSH?
Stimulates granulosa (female) and Sertoli (male) cells
What is the function of LH?
Stimulates Leydig and theca cells
What is the function of Sertoli cells?
They make AMH and cause the regression of the Mullerian ducts
What is the function of Leydig cells?
Make testosterone which promotes growth and differentiation of the Wolfian duct.
What is thelarche?
Breast budding
What is adrenarche?
First appearance of pubic hair
What is gonadarche?
Growth of testes and ovary
What is menarche?
First menses cycle
What is the first male sign of puberty?
Testes enlargement
What is the first female sign of puberty?
Breast budding
What are the features of Turner’s Syndrome?
– short stature
– webbed neck
– widely spaced nipples – high arched palate
– congenital heart disease
What is the cause of Turner’s Syndrome?
XO chromosomes which is a problem because 2 X chromosomes are necessary for the development of the ovaries. As a result, there is primary ovarian failure and no E2 is produced.
What is the problem in testicular feminization (androgen insensitivity)?
No androgen receptors
What is considered delayed for female puberty?
No thelarche by age 13
At what time is lack of menarche abnormal?
2.5 years after thelarche
What is considered abnormal in the Tanner stages?
Gaps of > 2 stages in different areas is abnormal.
What is precocious puberty?
Sexual development prior to the earliest accepted age
What is the precocious pubertal age in males?
9 years
What is the precocious pubertal age in females?
6 years
What occurs in the follicular stage of the menstrual cycle?
Pulsatile GnRH release with increased LH and FSH that leads to ovarian follicle growth and endometrial thickening
What occurs in the ovulatory stage of the menstrual cycle?
As E2 increases past a threshold it will switch to positive feedback and cause an LH surge that results in the release of the follicle
What occurs in the luteal stage of the menstrual cycle?
Corpus luteum makes progesterone and E2 to prepare uterus for egg implantation and it will regress without fertilization
What is menorrhagia?
Normal intervals; increased flow.
What is metrorrhagia?
Irregular intervals; normal flow.
What is polymenorrhea?
Intervals between menses
What is oligomenorrhea?
Intervals between menses >35 days
What is menometrorrhagia?
Irregular intervals; increased flow
What is one reason menses can occur without ovulation (mostly in adolescents)?
Adolescents have negative feedback of E2 so increased E2 will decrease LH/FSH mid cycle and so there is no ovulation
What is another reason menses can occur without ovulation (mostly accompanied by metrorrhagia)?
E2 does not decrease due to NO negative feedback which leads to unopposed E2 that causes continual endometrial growth
