Regulation Gene expression Flashcards
Where is the regulatory sequences and molecules found ? What is the cis actin element, and what is the trans ?
What are enhancers , and what do they bind. How many base pairs are they made of ? Where are they located ? What is not important in terms of enhancers ? How can enhancer act in a tissue specific manner ? How are enhancers brouh close to the basal promoter region ?
What is the role of transcription factors ? What two domains do transcription factors have ?
What are two types of transcription factors? What’s the biggest difference ?
Draw the layout of a RNA polymerase being started by TF2
What are operons ? What’s the significance ?
What are the components of a operon ?
The the LAC Z and Y and A are expressed when the operator is on or off ?
What does the regulatory gene lacI gene code for ? What is its function ?
on.
Explain what happens when lactose is present in the lac operon and not glucose ?
Explain what happens when the lactose operon when lactose is present ?
The lactose operon is subject to a positive control through ? How is this protein activated, and its connection to glucose ? What happens to the Rna polymerase affinity to transcribe.
Explain what happens in the lactose operon when lactose is present and glucose is scarce, to cAMP, CAP, and promoter , repressor ?
What happens to the lactose operon when the lactose is present, and glucose is present ? what happens to CAP, cAMP, and repressor ?
The tryptophan operon is on or off all the time ? What happens when tryptophan is present ? What happens when not ?
What is the most important gene in the tryptophan operon ?
e, which is broken in 1,2,3, and 4
What happens to trptophan operon when it is present ? Where does it bind and what happens ?
What is ment when they say, trp is regulated by attenuation ?
- High levels of tryptophan,
When high levels, the ribose translate fast 1 and 2, (tryp) sine its in abundance, which gives time for 3 and 4 to bind that mean to stop. RNA polymerase stops, no transcritption.
- when low levels of tryptophan,
The ribose slows down in 1 since tryp is low which is what codes, and allows pairing of 2 and 3 which makes it activite.!
Is there operon in eukaryotes ? How are eukaroytes regulated ?
Whats the difference between euchromatin and heterochromatin ? Whats the chemical modifications to histone and chromatin that can influse chromatin structure and gene expression ?
What are some histone wide variety of post-translational modification ? What are the AA associated modification ?
how does acetylation increase effects chromatin to make it more active ?
What is DNA methylation ? Where are the methylated cytosine located ? What can DNA methylation can cause in long term ? Where is it seen ?
What does this diagram of DNA methylation mean ?
What is needed to initiate transcription in EUK ? What are general transcription factors ?
What is specific transcription factors ? What effect does a combination fo transcription factor do ?
Transcription factors activity can be modulated by ?
What can happen if the gene contain common response element in terms of transcription factor ?
What is polyadenylation ? What is the purpose of alternative RNA splicing ?
What is RNA editing ? What is the purpose ? example in liver and intestine ?
What are micro RNA ? at what time do they work? What are their fuction ? What are the ways the they are produced ? What polymerase makes the m?
What are some proteins neede for microRNA ? and microRNA role ?
What is the function of poly A tails ?
