Bioenergetics and Oxidative Phosphorylation Flashcards
What is hydrolysis ? What does it provde ? What is the energy used for ?
ATP is considerd what ? Why is it favoriable to break them
?
What is Gibbs free energy formula, and what does each component mean ?
What is the mnemotic to remember ?
good honey taste sweet
What does the charge of Delta G mean ? -,+, 0 ?
What is the formula of delta G, What does the * mean ? What is the full formula ?
What is the relationship between delta G and keq, what happens constant temp and pressure ? what is the value Delta when at equilibrium, what is the formula ?
What happens to Keq when greater 1 less 1 and 1 what does it mean ?
How does Delta G keep two consecutive reactions are additive ?
In mitochodnrial electron tranport chain, which of the two NADH or FADH2 gives the most energy ?
Where is the ETC located ? What is the purpose of oxygen ?
Where is the mitocondrial membranes located ? What is noteworthy of the inner mitochondrial membrane ?
Mitochondrial Matrix it has what kind of enzymes ? What does it synthesize ? What does the matrix contain ?
What are you producing from metabolism ? What does TCA make ? What is extraction of energy ?
What is NADH , where is it produced ? What role does it have in cytosolic NADH., what happens when oxidized ?
What is the purpose of FADH2, what is produced by ?
What type of shuttle does it use, and what is it similarl to ?
how can they be reoxidized by ?
What happens in the complex 1 ( NADH dehydrogenase , what does it have that allwos it to get electrons and hydrogen from NADH ? How many H and e, and what does it become ?
What is the fuction of Coenzyme Q (CoQ) role ?
Cytochromes contain ? How are electrons passed along the chain from CoQ to cytochromes bc1 (complex III)l,c,and a+a3(complex 4)
Draw the entire process of ETC
OXidative phosphorylation
What requires from to form ATP ? How is it regulated ?
OXidative phosphorylation
What requires from to form ATP ? How is it regulated ?
What are the components of complex 1 ? What is FMN ? How many electrons does it accept, How much does Fe-S electrons accept at a time ?
Wjhere are Fe-S centers located? and where does the electrons go ?
What is Complex 2 ( succinate dehydrogenase ) also part of ? Do they span the membrane ? Do they have a proton-pumping mechanism.
What is CoQ, is it protein bond ? What is it made out of ? How many electrons does it accept, what does it participate in ? Which complexes does it work ?
What is complex 3, where are the two electrons removed from ? at which site ? Where are the two molecules of cytochrome c ?
What does the Fe-S creates ?
ETC: Complex IV What is is called ? What does it have that name ? Where does it pass electrons ? What types of cytochrome does it contain, and why do they matter ? How many electrons per oxygen ?
note that H20 has two hydrogens so 2 electrons, so to produce 2 H20 need 4 hydrogen=4 electrons
The transfer of electrons down the ETC is favoriable how ? Does the transfer of electron from NADH to oxygen make ATP?
What is the role of proton pump? How is it coupled? What is created when hydrogen is in the intermembrane space ?
How many hydrogens are released per 4 e?
What abouut 1/2 oxygen ?
What does ATP synthase ? How are Protons move from F0 and what is f1
What is For rOtation ?
What is the F1, and Fo?
Where dooes ADP + P bind to ? Where does ATP bind ? what happens ?
What is it called?
What is uncouplers ?
What is the effect of uncoplers of protein gradient, ATP synthesis, Oxygen consumption, oxidation of NADH, and HEAT
What is UCP1(UnCoPelers)
What is it also called, where is it seen in humans ? what is it activated by ? What is the difference between brown fat vs white fat.
What are UCP2 used ? What is UCP3 used for ? What about UCP4 used for ? What does differnt levels of UCP3( SM) contribute to ?
What happens when there low levels of UCP ?
What happens in hyperthyroidism.
What synthetic uncouplers do ? What are the charge ?
What is 2,4 dinitrophenol ? How does it work
synthetic uncouplers
What happens to high doses of aspirin and other salicylates ?
synthetic uncouplers
how does cyanide act as a ETC inhibition ? How does one complex messing up, lead to the all of them ?
What inhibition of b-C1 complex do ?
Know it !
Know this!
Why is cyanide bad? What does it bind ? What is its connection to hydroxocobalamin ?
Where does carbon monocide bind to hinder ETC ? Where else ? What are symptoms ? Where are some sources of carbon monoxide ?
What are some reactive oxygen species ? How is an enzyme that breaks H2O2? When is the a higher amoutn of ROS ? How are Ross produced ? How can there be an increase of ROS ?
What are some causes of oxidative phosphrylation diseases ? How can it be caused by ?
What is Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) When does it start, symtoms, and the mutation ?
Kearns Sayre Syndrome
What is MELAS, what is caused by , symtoms ?
What is leign disease ? When does it start? What are clinical manifestations ?
What is LHON diease ? What are the symtoms What type of mutation
READ and make a question
