Reference sources Flashcards
1
Q
What is the BNF (8)
A
- British National Formulary
- The most commonly used reference source
- Produced every 6 months
- Joint Formulary Committee
- Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS)
- British Medical Association (BMA)
- Department of Health (DH)
- Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)
2
Q
What are the 4 main sections of the BNF
A
- Guidance on prescribing
- Classified notes & preparations
- Emergency treatment of Poisoning
- Appendices & indices
3
Q
What is the layout of the BNF (4)
A
- 15 Chapters
- Major systems (GI, CV, Respiratory etc. then specialties (eye, ENT etc.)
- Listed by Clinical Condition at start of each chapter then drug classes alphabetically within that framework-so some drugs appear more than once in a chapter, or even different chapters **depending on use e.g. amitriptyline
- Chapter 16 Emergency treatment of Poisoning
4
Q
What is BAN
A
British Approved Name
e.g. Adrenaline
5
Q
What is rINN
A
recommended International Non-proprietary Name
e.g. Epinepherine
6
Q
What is generic/non-proprietary
A
official BAN drug name
e.g. Adrenaline
7
Q
What is Proprietary
A
particular brands of rINN
e.g. Jext™
8
Q
What are drug indications
A
Uses of drug
9
Q
What are drug doses
A
the amount of drug to be given at any one time
10
Q
What is unlicensed use
A
Used outside of the manufacturers license
11
Q
What are contraindications (2)
A
- formerly onlyinstances when a drug should NOT be used.
- Previous Appendices 2,3,4 and 5 have been deleted to improve information access and included under this heading
12
Q
What are cautions
A
situations where the drug should be prescribed with caution
13
Q
What are side-effect
A
potential adverse effects of the drug
14
Q
What is treatment cessation
A
advice on tapering off
15
Q
What is patient and carer advice
A
important consequences of therapy to reassure patients
16
Q
What are specific contra-indications (4)
A
- Hepatic impairment = where liver metabolism is problematic e.g.alcoholism
- Renal impairment = drugs excreted via the kidney cause concern
- Pregnancy = risks of teratogenicity
- Breast-feeding = drugs which cross the barrier into breast milk
17
Q
What is PoM, CD and ~NHS~
A
POM = prescription-only medicine
CD = controlled drug
~NHS~ = not prescribable on the NHS, now listed as NHS restrictions
18
Q
What is appendix 1 in BNF (5)
A
- Interactions
- Totally re-designed in BNF 74
- The symbol l was formerly placed against interactions that are ‘potentially hazardous’.
- The obvious difficulty was that this was a two-tier system (hazardous and non-hazardous)
- This has been replaced by a number of innovations.
19
Q
What are the classes of interactions (4)
A
- Severe: the result may be life- threatening or permenantly detrimental
- Moderate: considerable distress, not permanent
- Mild: Unlikley to cause concern
- Unknown: predicted, but no evidence.
20
Q
What is appendix 2 of the BNF (7)
A
- Enteral Feeds
- Nutritional Supplements
- Specialised Formulas
- Feed Supplements
- Feed Additives
- Foods for Special Diets-gluten free
- Supplements for Metabolic Diseases
21
Q
What is appendix 3 of the BNF (2)
A
- Cautionary and advisory labels for dispensed medicines
- Alphabetical list of products with recommended additional warning information to be added to label at time of dispensing
22
Q
What is appendix 4 of the BNF (5)
A
- Wound Management and Elasticated Garments.
- Dentists formularies
- Nurses formularies
- Non-medical Prescribers formularies
- the Yellow Card Scheme
23
Q
What is the BNFC (10)
A
- The Gold standard reference source in the UK for paediatric dosing, published in July every year since 2005
- Updated monthly online: online version publishes any changes
- two additional partners
- Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health
- Neonatal and Paediatric Pharmacists Group
- Provides practical information on the use of medicines in children of all ages from birth to adolescence.
- Goes beyond marketing authorisations (product licences).
- Licensed indications frequently do not cover the clinical needs of children
- Available online via Medicines Complete or NICE Evidence Services
- Crucially, provides advice from a network of clinical experts in children’s health and medicine
24
Q
What is the multistep process for choosing the right drug using the BNFC (7)
A
- Choose right drug
- Right indication
- Right route
- Right age
- Right dose calculation
- Right frequency
- Right preparation
25
How does the BNFC differ from the BNF (3)
1. Licensed use: information on whether dosage information is licensed, unlicensed or off-label
2. Sometimes advises on dosage manipulation
3. High risk of error
26
How is dose calculated in the BNFC (3)
1. Age based
2. Weight based
3. Surface area based
27
How is weight bases calculation presented (4)
1. Units of Mass (mg, micrograms, mmols) per kg…
2. PER DOSE
3. PER DAY IN DIVIDED DOSES
4. Many doses are calculated in mass per kg but they often have a ceiling limit
28
What is the British Pharmacopoeia (5)
1. The BP function is to provide a publicly available statement of quality of medicinal products
2. It is used in the licensing of medicinal products
3. It provides a series of tests which the product must meet in order to guarantee quality
4. From the perspective of public safety, it acts as a safeguard to consumers of medicinal products, ensuring quality and consistency.
5. There are SIX volumes
29
What are the volumes of the BP (5)
1. Volumes I and II - Alphabetical list of monographs of substances (A-H) and (J-Z) in pure form e.g. furosemide. Includes chemical formulae, structure (sometimes), solubility melting point etc. etc.
2. Volume III- Lists formulated products and includes production details, and specific tests to assure standard e.g. furosemide tablets.
3. Volume IV - IR spectra, Appendices and Index
4. Volume V - Veterinary Codex
5. Volume VI - CD Rom
30
What is the Martindale (6)
1. Based on published information, has no official status
2. Is NOT a book of standards
3. Contains monographs of over 5000 drugs
4. Info on uses administration, adverse effects, pharmacokinetics
5. Lists approx. 70,000 proprietary preparations
6. Useful for finding foreign products
31
What are the characteristics of the compendium of data sheets & summaries of product characteristic (EMC) (9)
1. Compiled every 15mths by Datapharm and ABPI
2. NOT ****a book of standards
3. Contains Data sheets or SPCs supplied by manufacturers for their particular proprietary products
4. Data sheets being replaced ‘Summaries of Product Characteristics’ (SPC)
5. Future editions will include information on non-proprietary products as well as proprietary
6. The data sheet includes many of the details found in the BNF ( uses, doses, side-effects etc) and information more specific to that proprietary product:
7. pack sizes available
8. product licence numbers
9. colour/shape/tablet markings
32
What is the pharmaceutical codex (4)
1. Previously known as ‘British Pharmaceutical Codex’ (BPC)
2. Was formerly a book of standards to supplement the BP
3. Now based on ‘principles and practice of pharmaceutics’
4. Invaluable to anyone involved in the formulation, development or production of medicinal substances
33
What is the drugs interactions (Stockley) (6)
1. THE book to be used in conjunction with the BNF when considering drug interactions
2. Based on many thousands of published clinical papers
3. A series of detailed monographs of interactions, gives details of:
4. interaction and probable mechanism
5. clinical importance
6. management
34
What is the drug tariff (5)
1. Produced monthly in England & Wales
2. Electronic only since April 2021
3. Compiled by the Prescription Pricing Division (PPD) of the NHS Business Services on behalf of the DoH
4. Comprehensive documentation on all aspects of financial remuneration for community pharmacists
5. “Monthly Pricelist”
