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Pharmacy profession and key skills > NHS structure and ethos > Flashcards

NHS structure and ethos Flashcards

1
Q

What was healthcare like prior to the NHS (3)

A
  1. Local authorities provided hospital care for people with infectious diseases, and other institutions for people with mental health problems.
  2. Additionally there were some hospitals staffed by volunteers for other acute problems, not requiring long-term care.
  3. Family doctors were available under a private insurance scheme, and in 1911 the government extended this scheme to working men.
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2
Q

What are the 3 core principles of the NHS (3)

A
  1. Meets the needs of everyone
  2. Free at the point of delivery
  3. Based on clinical need, not ability to pay
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3
Q

What is the NHS constitution for England (7)

A
  1. The NHS provides a comprehensive service, available to all
  2. Access is based on clinical need, not an individual’s ability to pay
  3. The NHS aspires to the highest standards of excellence and professionalism
  4. The patient will be at the heart of everything the NHS does
  5. The NHS works across organisational boundaries
  6. The NHS is committed to providing best value for taxpayers’ money
  7. The NHS is accountable to the public, communities and patients that it serves
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4
Q

What are the NHS core values (5)

A
  1. Working together for patients
  2. Compassion
  3. Commitment to quality of care
  4. Respect and dignity
  5. Improving lives
  6. Everyone counts
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5
Q

What are the pressures of the NHS (5)

A
  1. Population
  2. More people surviving disease
  3. Ageing population needing more healthcare
  4. Funds
  5. Demand
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6
Q

What is the original tripartite structure of the NHS (4)

A
  1. Department of health →
  2. Regional hospital boards → hospital services
  3. Primary care → GPs, dentists, pharmacists
  4. Community services → Maternity, child welfare, vaccinations, amulance services
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7
Q

Who are the leaders in the NHS (3)

A
  1. The Secretary of State for Health **has overall financial control and oversight of the Department of Health and therefore all NHS delivery and performance
  2. Chief Medical Officer is the most senior advisor to the government on health matters & professional lead for all doctors in UK
  3. Chief Pharmaceutical Officer is the principal advisor on pharmacy and medicines for NHS England and the professional lead for the pharmacy profession.
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8
Q

What is the NHS England and NHS improvement (3)

A
  1. responsible for providing national direction on service improvement and transformation, governance and accountability, standards of best practice, and quality of data and information.
  2. NHS England and NHS Improvement came together in 2019 to act as a single organisation initially maintaining separate boards, but now one.
  3. The work of NHSI is detailed under NHS IMPACT.
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9
Q

What is the national tier (England) (3)

A
  1. to work more effectively with commissioners and providers, making more efficient use of resources, and removing duplication.
  2. There are SEVEN regional Teams who are responsible for the quality, financial and operational performance of all NHS organisations in their region.
  3. They also support the identity and development of integrated care systems.
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10
Q

What is the role of the Care Quality commissions (3)

A
  1. to register care providers and monitor, inspect and rate their services in order to protect users.
  2. CQC publishes independent views on major quality issues in health and social care.
  3. They have inspection rights within NHS Trusts, but NOT community pharmacies
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11
Q

What are the regional structures (4)

A
  1. Unfortunately, there is no mandate to instruct the action of these regional offices
  2. as a consequence activities and actions e.g. enforcement notices for community pharmacy can vary from area to area.
  3. We are linked into the North-West regional team.
  4. Within the NW Region there are THREE Integrated Care Boards as well as all the Acute Trusts
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12
Q

What are the Sustainability and transformation partnerships (STPs)(5)

A
  1. bring together NHS providers and commissioners, local authorities and other local partners to plan services around the long-term needs of local communities.
  2. STPs cover populations of 1-3 million people.
  3. In some areas,integrated care systems(ICSs) have evolved from STPs.
  4. ICSs are a closer collaboration in which organisations take on greater responsibility for managing local resources and improving health and care for their populations.
  5. Every part of England is covered by an ICS and clinical commissioning groups were phased out in April 2022.
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13
Q

What are Integrated care partnerships (ICPs)(5)

A
  1. alliances of providers that work together to deliver care by agreeing to collaborate rather than compete.
  2. These providers include hospitals, community services, mental health services and GPs.
  3. Social care, independent and third sector providers may also be involved.
  4. NHS England is developing an ‘integrated care provider contract’ as an option for formalising these partnerships.
  5. ICPs cover populations of 250–500,000 people.
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14
Q

What are Primary care networks (PCNs)(4)

A
  1. bring general practices together to work at scale with other local providers from community services, social care and the voluntary sector.
  2. Together they provide primary care by using a wide range of professional skills and community services.
  3. Since 1 July 2019, all except a handful of GP practices in England have come together in around 1,300 geographical networks.
  4. PCNs coverpopulations of 30–50,000 people.
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15
Q

How is the NHS structured in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (2)

A
  1. Responsibility for running the NHS in these areas has been devolved from central government — MPs in Westminster — to powers in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland.
  2. The UK Parliament allocates funding to each national government, but it is up to them to decide how much to spend on their NHS.
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16
Q

What are NHS trusts (7)

A
  1. Organisations that manage NHS hospital services in England.
  2. They are independent legal entities with unique governance arrangements.
  3. Most are Foundation Trusts.
  4. Their duty is to provide services to a local population within a catchment area (the CCG area)
  5. They have freedom to decide locally how to meet their obligations rather than central government control.
  6. They are accountable to local people, who can become members and governors, in the strategic planning of the organisation
  7. They are authorised and monitored by an independent regulator for NHS (NHS IMPACT)
17
Q

What is the NHS long term plan (5)

A
  1. We will boost ‘out-of-hospital’ care, and finally dissolve the historic divide between primary and community health services.
  2. The NHS will reduce pressure on emergency hospital services.
  3. People will get more control over their own health and more personalised care when they need it.
  4. Digitally-enabled primary and outpatient care will go mainstream across the NHS.
  5. Local NHS organisations will increasingly focus on population health – moving to Integrated Care Systems everywhere.
18
Q

What are the other organisations funded by the Department of Health (3)

A
  1. Public Health England
  2. NHS Health Education England
  3. NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence)
19
Q

What is NHS Health Education England (3)

A
  1. Ensures NHS staff have the right skills, values and training to deliver excellent healthcare
  2. funds Independent Prescribingtraining for all pharmacists providing NHS services
  3. funding for training programme for clinical pharmacists in GP practices
20
Q

What are the main functions of Public Health England (7)

A
  1. Health protection
  2. Health improvement
  3. Knowledge and information
  4. Trace contacts for notifiable diseases
  5. Screening services
  6. Reduce health inequalities
  7. Health promotion campaigns
21
Q

What are the functions of NICE (4)

A
  1. Evidence-based national guidelines on how to treat diseases
  2. Quality Standards for healthcare providers
  3. Carry out reviews on new drugs on the market
  4. all NHS patients have equitable access to the mostclinically-effective, and cost-effective treatments
22
Q

What is the NHS recovery plan (4)

A
  1. The Prime Minister (Rishi Sunak) announced the recovery Plan in the spring of 2023.
  2. Implementation of the Pharmacy part (£645M) commenced in January 2024.
  3. The main elements are the Common Conditions Service and the (First) Contraceptive Service.
  4. It will be a challenge to use all of the funds within the timescale.
23
Q

What is the responsibility of the NHS for pharmaceutical Services? (5)

A
  1. “Proper and sufficient drugs and medicines and listed appliances ordered” on prescription
  2. Any other services as prescribed
  3. Government must pay a fair and reasonable price for services it commissions
  4. Independent economic advice from Frontier Economics and IQVIA plays into this
  5. however medicines margin distribution amongst contractors excluded
24
Q

What are the pros of privatisation (2)

A
  1. specialist conditions treated in private unit
  2. more economically viable
25
Q

What are the cons of privatisation (3)

A
  1. Private healthcare providers can pick and choose profitable services
  2. Potential to withdraw particular services, or start to charge patients for particular NHS services
  3. Destabilisation (if services keep changing hands)

Pharmacy profession and key skills (22 decks)

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