Red Helmet Master Flashcards
Acid
A substance that donates protons or hydrogen ions and/or accepts electrons.
Example: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid.
Base
A substance that accepts protons or hydrogen ions and/or donates electrons.
Example: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base.
Caustic
A substance that can cause damage to living tissue or severe corrosion.
Example: Caustic soda is another name for sodium hydroxide.
Air reactive
Substances that react with air, often releasing heat or producing hazardous byproducts.
Auto refrigeration
A process where a substance cools itself as it expands or vaporizes.
Biological agents
Microorganisms or toxins that can cause disease in living organisms.
Blood agents
Toxic substances that affect the body’s ability to transport oxygen.
Boiling point
The temperature at which a liquid turns into vapor.
Catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed.
Chemical change
A process where substances transform into different substances.
Chemical interaction
The process by which substances combine or react with each other.
Compound mixture
A combination of two or more substances that retain their individual properties.
Concentration
The amount of a substance in a given volume of solution.
Critical temperature for gases
The temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied by pressure.
Critical pressure for gases
The minimum pressure required to liquefy a gas at its critical temperature.
Dissociation for atoms
The process by which atoms or molecules separate into smaller particles.
Corrosivity
The ability of a substance to damage or destroy materials, especially metals.
Dose for exposure
The amount of a substance that an organism is exposed to.
Dose rate for exposure
The amount of a substance an organism is exposed to over a specific period.
Dose response for exposure
The relationship between the dose of a substance and the magnitude of its effect.
Expansion ratio
The ratio of the volume of a gas to its volume in a liquid state.
Flash point
The lowest temperature at which a liquid can form an ignitable mixture in air.
Fire point
The temperature at which a liquid produces enough vapor to sustain combustion.
Flammable liquid
A liquid that can easily ignite and burn in air.
Combustible liquid
A liquid that can catch fire and burn, but requires a higher temperature than flammable liquids.
Flammable range
The range of concentrations of a vapor in air that can ignite.
Half life
The time required for half of a quantity of a radioactive substance to decay.
Halogenated hydrocarbons
Organic compounds containing halogen atoms.
Inhibitor
A substance that slows down or prevents a chemical reaction.
Auto ignition temp
The minimum temperature at which a substance will ignite without an external source of ignition.
Instability
The tendency of a substance to undergo a chemical change or decomposition.
Ionic bond
A chemical bond formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
Covalent bond
A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.
Irritants
Substances that cause inflammation or discomfort to living tissues.
Riot control agents
Chemical agents used to control crowds, often causing temporary discomfort.
Msst max safe storage temp
The maximum temperature at which a substance can be safely stored.
Melting point
The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid.
Freezing point
The temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid.
Miscibility
The ability of two substances to mix and form a homogeneous solution.
Nerve agent
A class of chemicals that disrupt the normal functioning of the nervous system.
Organic
Compounds primarily made of carbon and hydrogen, often containing oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements.
Inorganic
Compounds that are not primarily based on carbon-hydrogen bonds.
Oxidation potential
The tendency of a substance to gain electrons during a chemical reaction.
Persistence
The duration a substance remains in the environment without breaking down.
pH
A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
Physical change
A change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance without altering its chemical composition.
Physical state
The distinct forms that different phases of matter take on, such as solid, liquid, or gas.
What is Polymerization?
The process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains or three-dimensional networks.
What does Radioactive mean?
Referring to materials that emit radiation as a result of the decay of atomic nuclei.
What is Radioactivity?
The property of certain types of unstable atomic nuclei to emit radiation.
What is Radiation?
Energy emitted in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves.
What is Ionizing radiation?
Radiation that carries enough energy to liberate electrons from atoms or molecules.
What is a Sievert?
A unit of measure for the biological effect of ionizing radiation.
What is Roentgen?
A unit of measurement for exposure to ionizing radiation.
What is Grey (radiation)?
A unit of absorbed radiation dose, equal to one joule of radiation energy absorbed per kilogram of matter.
What does REM stand for?
Roentgen equivalent man; a unit of dose equivalent in radiation protection.
What does RAD stand for?
Radiation Absorbed Dose; a unit of absorbed radiation dose.
What are Bequerells?
A unit of radioactivity equal to one disintegration per second.
What is a Curie?
A unit of radioactivity defined as 3.7 × 10^10 disintegrations per second.
What is Alpha radiation?
A type of ionizing radiation consisting of alpha particles, which are helium nuclei.
What is Beta radiation?
A type of ionizing radiation consisting of beta particles, which are high-energy, high-speed electrons or positrons.
What is Gamma radiation?
A type of ionizing radiation that is electromagnetic radiation of high frequency.
What is Neutron radiation?
Radiation consisting of free neutrons, typically emitted during nuclear reactions.
What is X-ray radiation?
A form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than ultraviolet light.
What is Reactivity?
The tendency of a substance to undergo chemical reaction.
What is Water reactivity?
The ability of a substance to react with water.
What is OC gas?
A type of chemical agent, often referring to an incapacitating agent.
What is CS gas?
A type of tear gas used for riot control.
What is a Saturate hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds between carbon atoms.
What is an Unsaturated hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon that contains one or more double or triple bonds.
What is an Aromatic hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon that contains a benzene ring.
What is Solubility?
The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.
What is a Solution?
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
What is a Slurry?
A mixture of solid particles suspended in a liquid.
What is Specific gravity?
The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance, typically water.
What is Sublimation?
The process of a solid turning directly into a gas without passing through a liquid phase.
What are Toxic industrial chemicals?
Chemicals that pose a risk to health and safety in industrial settings.
What are Toxic inhalation hazards?
Substances that can cause harm when inhaled.
What does Toxic mean?
Poisonous or harmful to living organisms.
What is Poison?
A substance that can cause injury, illness, or death when introduced into the body.
What is Vapor density?
The density of a vapor compared to the density of air.
What is Vapor pressure?
The pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid form.
What are Vesicants?
Chemical agents that cause blistering of the skin.
What is Viscosity?
A measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.
What is Volatility?
The tendency of a substance to vaporize.
What is Counts per minute for radiation?
A measure of the number of radioactive decays detected in one minute.
What does IDLH stand for?
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health; a standard for exposure limits.
What is the Incubation Period (for exposure symptoms)?
The time between exposure to a hazardous substance and the appearance of symptoms.
What is Infectious dose?
The minimum dose of a pathogen required to cause infection.
What is LC50?
The lethal concentration of a substance that kills 50% of a test population.
What is LD50?
The lethal dose of a substance that kills 50% of a test population.
What is Permissible exposure limit?
The maximum allowable concentration of a substance in the workplace.
What is Time weighted average?
An average exposure level over a specified period.
What is Recommended exposure limit?
An exposure limit recommended by organizations for workplace safety.
What is Short term exposure limit?
The maximum concentration of a substance allowed for a short duration.
What is Threshold limit value ceiling?
The maximum concentration of a substance that should not be exceeded at any time.
What is Threshold limit value short term exposure?
The maximum concentration of a substance allowed for a short duration.
What is Threshold limit value time weighted average?
The average concentration of a substance allowed over a standard workday.
What is Specification mark for tank cars?
A mark indicating the design and construction standards for tank cars.
What is Specification plate for tank cars?
A plate that provides information about the tank car’s specifications.
What is a Non pressure tank car?
A tank car designed to carry liquids that do not require pressure.
What is a Pressure tank car?
A tank car designed to carry liquids under pressure.
What is a Cryogenic liquid tank car?
A tank car designed to transport cryogenic liquids.
What are Pneumatically unloaded hopper cars?
Hopper cars that use pneumatic pressure to unload their contents.
What is an IM-101 portable tank?
A portable tank designed for transporting hazardous materials.
What is an IM-102 portable tank?
A portable tank designed for transporting hazardous materials with a higher pressure rating.
What are Pressure intermodal tank containers?
Containers designed for transporting liquids under pressure across different modes of transport.
What are Cryogenic intermodal tanks?
Tanks designed for transporting cryogenic liquids across different transport modes.
What are Tube module trailers?
Trailers designed to transport cylindrical containers.
What are Dry bulk cargo tanks?
Tanks designed for transporting dry bulk materials.
What is a Non pressure liquid cargo tank?
A tank designed to carry liquids that do not require pressure.
What is a Low pressure liquid cargo tank?
A tank designed to carry liquids under low pressure.
What is a Corrosive liquid cargo tank?
A tank designed to carry corrosive liquids.
What is a High pressure cargo tank?
A tank designed to carry liquids under high pressure.
What is a Compressed gas tube trailer?
A trailer designed for transporting compressed gases.
What is Dot 406?
A type of tank car used for transporting hazardous liquids
What is Dot 407?
A type of tank car designed for transporting flammable liquids
What is Dot 412?
A type of tank car used for transporting corrosive liquids
What is Mc 331?
A type of tank used for transporting liquefied gases under pressure
What is Mc 338?
A type of tank for transporting cryogenic liquids
What is a Cone roof fuel tank?
A tank with a conical roof shape, typically used for storing liquids
What is a Floating roof with geodesic dome?
A tank design featuring a floating roof supported by a geodesic dome structure
What is a Floating roof tank?
A tank with a roof that floats on the surface of the liquid to minimize evaporation
What is a Lifter roof tank?
A tank with a roof that can be raised or lowered to facilitate loading and unloading
What is a Vapor dome roof tank?
A tank with a dome-shaped roof that allows for gas vapor collection
What is a Horizontal atmospheric tank?
A tank oriented horizontally that stores liquids at atmospheric pressure
