LNG

Question 1

LNG is shipped as __________.

Answer 1

cryogenic, MC338

Question 2

LNG is cooled to its boiling point (__________) to be turned into liquid.

Answer 2

-260°F

Question 3

LNG is non-odorized due to __________ freezing at -189°F.

Answer 3

mercaptan

Question 4

During a liquid leak, vapors will stay __________ due to being cold and will rise while warming up.

Answer 4

low

Question 5

Expansion ratio of LNG is __________.

Answer 5

600:1

Question 6

Flammability range is __________.

Answer 6

5%-15%

Question 7

Natural gas is transported as a __________ through pipelines in short distances.

Answer 7

gas

Question 8

Primary concerns of LNG are __________ and __________.

Answer 8

asphyxiation, cryo burns

Question 9

LNG is transported in __________ cryogenic containers.

Answer 9

MC338

Question 10

Construction is double-walled containers with the inside being made of stainless steel (__________) and the outside of carbon steel with approx. __________ of insulation between layers.

Answer 10

9/16”, 6”

Question 11

LNG can be transported over the __________, by __________, or by __________.

Answer 11

road, rail, ship

Question 12

Some locomotives will use a __________ located directly behind the engine to be used as fuel.

Answer 12

nurse tanker

Question 13

Rail tank cars can carry upwards of __________ gallons of LNG.

Answer 13

30,000

Question 14

Over-the-road tankers can carry approx. __________ gallons of LNG.

Answer 14

12,000-16,000

Question 15

Tank car specification markings: __________.

Answer 15

DOT113 C 120 W(9)

Question 16

Over-the-road containers are rated for __________ days of storage before offloading is required.

Answer 16

20

Question 17

Saddle tanks used as fuel are rated for __________ days before needing offloading or refill (approx. __________ miles).

Answer 17

5, 550-600

Question 18

MAWP for MC338 is __________ psi.

Answer 18

70

Question 19

Pressure relief valves are set to __________ psi.

Answer 19

75

Question 20

No more than __________ psi allowed when filled prior to leaving fill stations for transport.

Answer 20

15

Question 21

Allowed no more than __________ psi/day increase when transporting.

Answer 21

3

Question 22

Rail transport = __________ or __________.

Answer 22

consist, waybill

Question 23

Road transport = __________.

Answer 23

bill of lading

Question 24

Marine transport = __________.

Answer 24

dangerous cargo manifest

Question 25

Safety shut-offs are located on the __________ and __________ of containers.

Answer 25

right rear, front left

Question 26

< or > __________% humidity will determine how visible a cloud will be during a liquid leak.

Answer 26

55

Question 27

<55% humidity will __________ the hazard.

Answer 27

underestimate

Question 28

>55% humidity will approximate the __________.

Answer 28

flammable region

Question 29

Do not apply __________ to a pool of LNG due to RPT (Rapid Phase Transition).

Answer 29

water

Question 30

RPT is a violent __________/expansion that mimics an explosion.

Answer 30

reaction

Question 31

Use __________ extinguisher to extinguish LNG fires.

Answer 31

dry chemical

Question 32

Direct contact with LNG can cause severe __________ to skin and materials.

Answer 32

frostbite ## Footnote Frostbite occurs due to extreme cold temperatures of LNG.

Question 33

If LNG vapors are between __________ and __________% in air, they can ignite or explode if exposed to an ignition source.

Answer 33

5%, 15% ## Footnote This range is critical for understanding the flammability of LNG vapors.

Question 34

Initially, LNG vapors are __________ than air but become __________ than air as they warm up.

Answer 34

heavier, lighter ## Footnote This property affects how LNG vapors disperse in different environments.

Question 35

A __________ occurs when a pressurized vessel containing LNG catastrophically fails due to exposure to intense heat.

Answer 35

BLEVE ## Footnote BLEVE stands for Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion.

Question 36

When LNG rapidly vaporizes upon contact with water, it causes a __________ that mimics an explosion.

Answer 36

Rapid Phase Transition (RPT) ## Footnote RPT can create significant pressure waves similar to an explosion.

Question 37

In confined spaces, LNG vapors can cause __________ by displacing oxygen.

Answer 37

asphyxiation ## Footnote This is a serious risk in poorly ventilated areas.

Question 38

Pure methane in LNG is __________, but it can displace oxygen and cause suffocation.

Answer 38

non-toxic ## Footnote While non-toxic, the displacement of oxygen can lead to dangerous situations.

Question 39

LNG is primarily composed of __________, with small amounts of ethane, propane, and nitrogen.

Answer 39

methane ## Footnote Methane is the main component that defines the properties of LNG.

Question 40

LNG is a __________, __________ liquid at cryogenic temperatures.

Answer 40

colorless, odorless ## Footnote These properties make LNG difficult to detect without specialized equipment.

Question 41

The boiling point of LNG is __________.

Answer 41

-260°F ## Footnote This low boiling point is essential for maintaining its liquid state.

Question 42

The expansion ratio of LNG is __________, meaning 1 unit of liquid becomes 600 units of vapor.

Answer 42

600:1 ## Footnote This ratio illustrates the significant increase in volume when LNG vaporizes.

Question 43

The flammability range of LNG vapors in air is __________ to __________%.

Answer 43

5%, 15% ## Footnote Understanding this range is crucial for safety measures in handling LNG.

Question 44

The vapor density of LNG is __________, meaning cold vapors are initially heavier than air.

Answer 44

0.55 ## Footnote Vapor density affects how vapors accumulate in the environment.

Question 45

The autoignition temperature of LNG is approximately __________.

Answer 45

1004°F ## Footnote This temperature indicates when LNG can ignite without an external flame.

Question 46

The flash point of LNG is __________.

Answer 46

-306°F ## Footnote The flash point is critical for understanding the safe handling of LNG.

Question 47

LNG does not mix with water but may form __________ upon contact with water due to rapid cooling.

Answer 47

ice ## Footnote This ice formation can pose risks in emergency situations.

Question 48

LNG vapor becomes __________ than air when warmed, dispersing more easily.

Answer 48

lighter ## Footnote This change in density affects how vapors travel and disperse in the atmosphere.