Rectoanal Disease Flashcards
Where does the rectum begin?
At the entrance of the pelvic inlet
What are the 3 zones of the mucosa of the anal canal?
- cutaneous
- columnar
- intermediate
What are the 3 glandular areas?
- anal glands (fatty secretion)
- paranal sinus glands, which opens into
- paranal sinuses (anal sacs)
What are the muscles that compose the pelvic floor?
Levator ani and coccygeus muscles
What’s the function of the coccygeus muscles?
It compresses the rectum laterally
What’s the function of the rectoccocygeus muscle?
aid the circular muscle layer in moving the fecal column to the outside
What’s the sympathetic innervation of the colon, rectum, and anus?
via hypogastric nerve
L1-4, or L5 spinal segments
- inhibitory
- facilitatory to the inner circular sphincter
What’s the parasympathetic innervation of the colon, rectum, and anus?
via pelvic nerve
sacral spinal cord
- descending colon and rectum –> stimulatory, increases motility
Pedundal nerve
- external anal sphincter (relaxation)
How is the conscious perception of defecation relayed?
Afferent nerves from the rectal, sphincters, and perineum –> dorsal and lateral funiculi to the brainstem –> UPM regulation –> cerebral cortex for conscious perception
How does rectoanal issue effect the urinary system?
innervation of the rectum is similar to the urinary bladder –> so dysuria may be present too
What’s the most common cause of tenesmus in dogs and cats?
proctitis
no constipation!
Which hormones have been implicated in perineal herniation?
Relaxin and Growth Hormone
What’s the treatment for perineal hernia?
Castration - will also decrease the relaxin level, prostatic atrophy will increase make the pelvic entrance wider, easing defecation
Which breeds are predisposed to intestinal neoplaisa?
Collies and German Shepherds
What’s the typical signalment for perianal fistula?
German shepherds, 4-7yo
