Disease of the Small Intestine Flashcards
How is the following supplied to the small intestine: blood, innervation, and lymphatics?
- blood is supplied by the celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries –> drains to the liver via the portal veins
- Autonomic innervation = vagus and splanchnic nerves
- Lacteal drain into the mesenteric lymphatic vessels –> empties into the cisterna chyli
What are the layers of the small intestine? Which layer is the most important clinically? Why?
3 layers = (inner) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis (outer longitudinal, inner circular) and seroa
- most important layer = mucosa
- mucosa = responsible for digestive, absorptive, and protective barrier
What’s the major energy source for the small intestine?
glutamate
How is feline cobalamin metabolism different than the dog?
Cats lack transcobalamin I (a binding protein) so can lose cobalamin via enterohepatic recycling –> can deplete its cobalamin storage within a month
What’s the pacemaker cell in the small intestine?
interstitial cells of Cajal
What are the 3 phases of small intestinal motility in the fasted state?
- quiescent phase
- minor contractile activity
- short migrating myoelectric (motor) complexes (MMC)
How does motilin and erythromycin effect SI motility?
MMC is induced by motilin, which can also be created by low dose of erythromycin
What’s MAMPS?
microbe-associated molecular patterns
What’s PRRs?
on the SI mucosa, there is pattern recognizing receptors, then can recognize the conserved elements of bacterial structure –> MAMPs
What’s the function of TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, and NOD2?
This is part of the SI mucosal PRRs then can find microbes
TLR2 = lipopeptide
TLR 4 = lipopolysaccharide
TLR 5 = bacterial flagella protein (flagellin)
NOD2 = bacterial lipopolysaccharide