Canine Inflammatory/ Infectious Hepatic Disease Flashcards
What are the 4 types of cholangitis? Found in which species?
- neutrophilic (mostly cats)
- lymphocytic (mostly cats)
- chronic (fluke, mostly cats)
- destructive (rare, dogs)
What are some clinical signs of infectious canine hepatitis?
- fever, lethargy, anorexia, melena, vomiting, diarrhea, cranial abdominal pain, biochem disturbance
- anterior uveitis, corneal edema
What is the most common cause of infectious canine hepatitis?
Leptospirosis
What are some clinical signs of leptospirosis?
icterus, anorexia, PU/PD, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy
- fever, elevated liver enzymes, increased BUN, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, leukocytosis
Which bacteria is the most common isolates in biliary culture of dogs and cats?
Clostridium spp.
What are some examples of toxin induced acute hepatitis in dogs?
Aflatoxicosis - nonspecific/ supportive therapy
Algae bloom (cyanobacterium microcystin) - fatal
Amanita spp. mushroom - fatal
What are some examples of drug induced acute hepatitis in dogs?
Carprofen
TMS
What’s the most common cause of chronic hepatitis in dogs?
idiopathic = #1
- copper storage disease
- immune-mediated
What biochem parameters are associated with liver failure?
- hypoglycemia
- hypocholesterolemia
- hypoalbuminemia
- hypo BUN
- hyperbilirubinemia
What’s the most common medication to cause chronic hepatitis in dogs?
anti-convulsants
What’s the most common infectious cause of chronic hepatitis in dogs?
Leptospirosis
How is primary vs secondary copper storage disease differentiated on histo?
Primary = lesion in zone 3: copper found in hepatocytes near site of inflammation/ necrosis as well as site far from it
Secondary = lesion in zone 1: in the periportal system, copper only seen in tissues directly adjacent to inflammation
What are the treatment principles for acute hepatitis?
- remove the inciting cause (ex. drugs/ toxins)
- treat the infection
- Supportive care - fluid therapy!
- idiopathic- antibiotics, ursodiol
- prednisone, D-penicillamine, zinc - copper storage disease
- free radical scavenger/ antioxidants: N-acetylcysteine, SAMe, symarin, vitamin E
What are the treatment principles for chronic hepatitis?
similar to acute hepatitis, but more likely to use immunomodulating drugs, like azathioprine, cyclosporine, mycophenolate
What are some clinical signs of portal hypertension?
Ascites/ edema, ulceration of GI tract, signs of hepatoencephalopaphty
