Glomerular Disease Flashcards
What are the most common glomerular diseases in dogs?
- immune complex glomerulonephritis
- amyloidosis
- glomerulosclerosis
What’s the most important determinant of filtration at the glomerulus?
size
what are the 3 layers that filtrate need to pass through?
- fenestrated endothelium
- glomerular basement membrane
- visceral epithelial cells or podocytes
What’s the hallmark of glomerular disease?
proteinuria
Why is there increased cast in glomerular disease?
Define nephrotic syndrome.
- hypoalbuminemia
- proteinuria
- hypercholesterolemia
- edema
What’s the pathogenesis of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis?
usually secondary to infection –> immune complex accumulation –> cytokine activation –> inflow of leukocytes
How is membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis treated?
treat the underlying cause
- immunosuppressant
- anti-platelet therapy
What’s the prognosis of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis?
specific data lacking
What’s the most common glomerular disease in cats?
membranous nephropathy
What’s typical signalment of membranous nephropathy?
- male dogs/ cats overrepresented
- massive proteinuria
- young (<4y)
What’s the pathogenesis of membranous nephropathy?
likely immune-mediated
- the immune complex is deposited on the urinary side of the glomerular basement membrane
how is membranous nephropathy treated?
immunosuppressant
can recur
What’s the prognosis of membranous nephropathy?
progressive, but slow
- many can live a relatively normal life
Which breeds (dog/ cat) can amyloidosis be more commonly seen?
Shar Pei
Abyssinians
What are some features of amyloidosis?
- female
- massive proteinuria
- nephrotic syndrome
How is amyloid A formed?
- polymerization of the amino terminal portion of the serum amyloid A protein (it’s an acute phase protein)
How is amyloidosis developed?
defect in the 2-step degradation process of amyloid A
Which interleukin stimulate amyloid A synthesis and release?
IL-6
What are some treatment options for amyloidosis?
- colchicine
- DMSO
What’s the prognosis for renal amyloidosis?
generally poor
What’s the cause of hereditary nephritis?
defect in collage type IV (basement membrane collagen defect)
- English Cocker and English Springer spaniels
- Bull Terrier, Dalmatian
What are the 3 features of hereditary nephritis?
- proteinuria
- hematuria
- progressive glomerular disease
How is hereditary nephritis diagnosed?
need TEM
How is hereditary nephritis treated?
no specific treatment
- treat for kidney disease
- ACEi
What’s the prognosis?
Samoyed, English Cockers = die <2y
Dalmatians, Bull terriers = up to 10y
Which diuretic could be used for pulmonary edema or hyperkalemia? which should be used for ascites or pleural effusion?
Furosemide = pulmonary edema/ hyperkalemia
Spironolactone = ascites/ pleural effusion
What’s the treatment options for hypercoagulability?
Aspirin or clopidogrel
