REB anatomy Flashcards
what is medial to the right adrenal glands
vena cava
the ____ side of the renal artery is shorter than the _______ side
right
left
the _____________ foreamens are formed by the supraspinous ligament horizontally and the sacrotuberous ligament vertically
greater and lesser sciatic
what is medial to the left adrenal glands
celiac trunk and left crus of the diaphragm
the true pelvis is inferior to the
pelvic inlet
what illness/ defect is characterised by
stimulus for voiding absent or uncontrollable
neuropathic bladder
the internal pudendal artery is a branch of the
anterior internal iliac artery (parietal)
the greater and lesser sciatic foramens are formed by the _____ horizontally and the ______ vertically.
supraspinous ligament
sacrotuberous
The hepatic flexure lies ____ to the right kidney
anterior
The sacrum (continuation of vertebra) is connected to L5 by the promontory and has ala with _____ on each level
foramina
layers of the urogenital diaphragm
superior or deep layer - thin layer of pelvic fascia
middle layer - deep perineal pouch (muscles, neurovascular etc)
inferior (or superficial) layer - perineal membrane
posterior urethral valves
membrane forms in urethral opening –> urine cannot pass
cushing’s syndrome
too much cortisol
too much adrenaline
always alert
the renal cortex extends between pyramids to form ______
renal columns
the pubic symphysis is at the
midline
vertebral level of ureteropelvic junction
at hilum (L1)
the renal medulla is a collection of pyramids between the __________
renal columns
the false pelvis is _____ to the pelvic inlet and part of the abdominal cavity with _______
superior
right cecum and the left sigmoid colon
the superficial perineal pouch is superior and deeper to ____ which is continuous with _____
it is inferior to the ____
colles’ fascia
scarpa’s fascia
perineal membrane
the renal cortex extends between _____ to form renal columns
pyramids
Females have a really short and straight urethras.
What are the parts of the male urethra and describe them (where applicable)?
Pre-prostatic part (internal sphincter) prostatic part (prostate) membranous part contains Cowper's gland (narrowest part) as it passes through the external sphincter (urogenital diaphragm) spongy part along corpus spongiosum
vertebral level of hilum of left kidney
L1
the ureter is deeper than the renal artery and passes _____ the 2nd part of duodenum
behind
lymphatic drainage of skin of penis and scrotum
superficial inguinal nodes
Do urethra is fixed in its place by the
Pubovesical in females and vaginal wall
puboprostatic in males and seminal vesicles posteriorly
ovaries sit within the ____, connected to the ligament of the ovary which is continuous with the _____
fimbriae
round ligament
pelvic kidney
kidney in the pelvis since it never ascended
lesser sciatic foramen _______ re-emerges through and heads to supply motor functions through _____ on top of the _____ muscle.
pudendal nerve
Alcox canal
obturator internus
the obturator canal is formed by the
obturator membrane
explain benign prostatic enlargement
most common cancer in males
this normally affects the median lobe (central region)
it grows inwards, causing urethral obstruction
it is treated with transurethral resection of the prostate (TVRP) ( reopening of the urethra)
horseshoe kidney
fusion of 2 kidney –> stagnant urine –> affects tilt
vertebral level of pelvic inlet at bifurcation of common iliac artery
L5, S1
branches of the pudendal artery
artery to bulb - through corpus spongiosum deep artery - corpus cavernosa dorsal artery - skin and glans 2 scrotal/ labial branches inferior rectal artery (male and female) perineal branch (male and female)
location of entrance to the bladder
level of ischial spine
a TURP is used in the identification of _____
benign prostatic enlargement
what are the 5 lobes of the prostate
anterior lobe - anterior to urethra
median lobe - thinnest part - posterior to urethra and in base of bladder
posterior lobe - posterior to urethra and bounded superiorly by ejaculatory ducts
2 lateral lobes
The vagina is a fibromuscular tube of ____ epithelium (good for stretch)
after the external OS there is a ____ junction
the _____ is also where the Pap smear (tavies?) cells to examine for cervical cancer
the cervix enters the vagina obliquely creating vaginal -_____
squamous
squamocolumnar
external OS
fornices
blood supply to the ureter
branches of the renal artery, aorta and gonadal arteries
____ catheter goes in from the pubis
____ catheter goes in through z-shape male urethra of female shortness
____ allows vision into the bladder
Suprapubic
urethral
cystoscopy
the ureter like all piss containing epithelia are made of __________
transitional epithelium
Uterus and cervix Fundus - above entrance of \_\_\_\_\_ Cornu - entry into the \_\_\_\_\_ body - uterine canal in lumen (sidewall) cervix - opening into vaginal side is the \_\_\_\_\_ and uterine side is the \_\_\_\_\_ its leaves gaps in the vagina called fornices (anterior and posterior)
fallopian tube
fallopian tube
external OS
internal OS
quadratus lumborum attachments
rib 12
lumbar spines
iliac crest
The pelvic outlet is divided into the urogenital triangle ____ and anal triangle ______.
anteriorly
posteriorly
vertebral level of celiac artery
T12
________ are inward projection of cortex that separates pyramids
renal columns
The internal pudendal goes under the ______ and becomes the _______
levator ani
dorsal artery of the penis
The sacrum (continuation of vertebra) is connected to L5 by the _______ and has ___ with foramina on each level
promotary
Ala
The spleen, splenic artery, tail of the pancreas and splenic flexure are _____ to the left kidney
anterior
are the kidneys exposed?
yea
under the ribs
a DRE is used in the identification of _____ by _____
prostate cancer
palpation
superior suprarenal is a branch of
inferior phrenic
vertebral level of inferior phrenic
T12
the lateral sacral artery is a branch of
posterior internal iliac artery
location of adrenal gland
within gerota’s fascia (3rd layer)
not within the renal capsule
the greater and lesser sciatic foreamens are formed by the supraspinous ligament ______ and the sacrotuberous ligament _______
horizontally
vertically
The pelvic outlet is divided into the _____ anteriorly and _____ posteriorly.
urogenital triangle
anal triangle
The _____________ are anterior to the left kidney
spleen, splenic artery, tail of the pancreas and splenic flexure
what is anteriorly to the right adrenal glands
bare area of liver
Trace the path of the vas deferens
Males have their vas deferens which crosses ureter and enters the urethra through ejaculatory duct
The synovial sacroiliac joint of the sacrum-hip bone is supported by
anterior, interosseous and posterior sacroiliac ligament
parasympathetic innervation of internal sphincter
what action does it allow for
pelvic splanchnic nerves
stimulates pissing
Blood supply to the bladder
Superior and inferior vesical arteries from the internal iliac
** Males have their vas deferens which crosses ureter and enters the urethra through ejaculatory duct
which adrenal gland is larger?
left
the right gonadal vein drains into the
IVC
vertebral level of median sacral
L4
what is anteriorly to the left adrenal glands
lesser sac and stomach
vertebral level of inferior mesenteric
L3
what are the 3 parietal branches of the posterior internal iliac artery
iliolumbar
lateral sacral
superior gluteal
the ureter is deeper than the ________ and passes behind the 2nd part of duodenum
renal artery
the ____ side suprarenal arteries are shorter than the ____ side
left
right
the right kidney is located at the ____ rib
11th
nerve supply of deep perineal pouch
pudendal nerve
internal urethral sphincter
what muscle
what kind of control
detrusor muscle thickened, smooth muscle, involuntary control
the middle rectal artery is a branch of the
anterior internal iliac artery (visceral)
Fascia of the kidney and describe them (in to out)
- renal capsule - adheres to surface and prevents infection
- adipose capsule - perirenal fat
- gerota’s fascia - dense connective tissue that anchors kidney; used to detect stage of cancer
- pararenal fat - adipose capsules
vertebral level of middle adrenal
L1
attachments of central perineal tendon
(8 muscles)
levator ani
external anal sphincter
sphincter urethrae
is the sacrum-hip bone joint mobile?
NOPE
The greater sciatic foramen is divided by the piriformis muscle into above piriformis supplied by _______ and below piriformis supplied by _______.
superior gluteal nerve and vessels
everything not mentioned and pudendal nerve
Clinical significance of the pubovesical ligament
The cavity of the pubovesical ligaments can lead to stress incontinence –> cannot piss usually from pregnancy
the ureter runs down and ______ to the transverse process of the lumbar spine
parallel
when the ejaculatory and prostatic ducts are secreting their content, the internal sphincter closes to prevent
urine from mixing
what 4 paired branches of the aorta and their location
inferior phrenic (T12) middle adrenal (L1) renal and gonadal (L2)
what illness/ defect is characterised by
complete - 2 separate
incomplete - eventually joins again
does not change the drainage but more constrictions are present. if one ureter is blocked, backflow still occurs
2 ureters
the superior gluteal artery is a branch of
posterior internal iliac artery
epithelium of urethra
distally - squamous
proximally - transitional (mostly)
vertebral level of superior mesenteric
L1
the ureter is _____ than the renal artery and passes behind the 2nd part of duodenum
deeper
the right suprarenal vein drains into the
IVC
the obturator artery is a branch of the
anterior internal iliac artery (parietal)
what illness/ defect is characterised by
fusion of 2 kidney –> stagnant urine –> affects tilt
horseshoe kidney
the false pelvis is superior to the
pelvic inlet and part of the abdominal cavity with right cecum and the left sigmoid colon
explain the significance of having 2 ureters
complete - 2 separate
incomplete - eventually joins again
does not change the drainage but more constrictions are present. if one ureter is blocked, backflow still occurs
the pelvic inlet is formed by the _______ until reaching the ______
sacral promontory and ala, arcuate line and pectineal line
pubic symphysis
the female has 1 extra arterial branch in the pelvic region
what is this artery and what artery does it branch from
vaginal artery
anterior internal iliac artery
celiac trunk and left crus of the diaphragm is medial to the
left adrenal glands
bifurcation of vena cava
L5
explain prostate cancer
even more common
normally affects peripheral regions
affects posterior and lateral lobes (mostly)
it is palpated through a digital rectal exam (DRE) or transrectal ultra somnograph (TRUS)
there is usually a dip or notch between the 2 lateral lobes where the posterior lobe is palpable
if it isn’t –> pancreatic cancer
bifurcation of IVC at the vertebral level
L5
path of pudendal nerve
out greater sciatic foramen and back in through the lesser sciatic foramen, wrapping around the ischial spine, under the levator ani
The bladder in children is smaller and is located in the _____
adults have their bladder larger and in the ____
abdomen
pelvis
conn’s disease
too much aldosterone
hypokalemia
increase Na/H20 retention
increase blood pressure
Waterhouse friderichsen
bacterial infection of the adrenal gland
the inferior vesical artery is a branch of the
anterior internal iliac artery (visceral)
renal columns are inward projection of cortex that separates ______
pyramids
a TRUS is an _____ used in the identification of _____
ultrasound
prostate cancer
the subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nerves run posterior to the ______
kidneys
the urethra runs through the ______
corpus spongiosum
the pyramids are
parallel bundles of urine collecting tubules (nephrons)
the interior internal artery has 3 _____ branched arteries
parietal
what 4 unpaired branches of the aorta and their location
celiac artery (T12) superior mesenteric (L1) inferior mesenteric (L3) median sacral (L4)
diameters of the pelvic inlet
Conjugate diameter (anterior to posteriorly) promontory to pubic symphysis Transverse diameter (left to right) widest part
the inferior gluteal artery is a branch of the
anterior internal iliac artery (parietal)
the sacrum has an articular facet for the _____ where it forms a what type of joint?
hipbone
synovial sacroiliac joint
thinnest part of urethra
membranous part
The spleen, splenic artery, tail of the pancreas and splenic flexure are anterior to the ______
left kidney
roof of perineum
levator ani
the ______ runs down and parallel to the transverse process of the lumbar spine
ureter
Position and relation of the vagina
Anteflexion between cervix and uterus 70°
anteversion (V for a vagina) angle between the cervix and the vagina 90°
what are the 3 visceral branches of the anterior internal iliac artery
superior vesical
inferior vesical vaginal (vaginal in females)
middle rectal
the prostatic part of the urethra has 3 openings
what are they?
2 ejaculatory (vas deferens) prostatic duct (semen)
what are the parallel bundles of urine collecting tubules (nephrons)
pyramids
the uterine artery crosses the ____ anteriorly
ureter
the left kidney is located at the ____ rib (CC_)
11th
11
The pelvic outlet is the ______ aspect of the inlet. It is formed by the _______.
inferior
ischio pubic Ramus (the ischium and the pubis), sacrotuberous ligament and the coccyx
males have a special gland in their perineal pouch called the
bulbourethral glands (of Cowper)
The ureter (which crossers the _____ artery) enters the bladder obliquely forming a ____ which includes two ureters and urethra and is at base of bladder
uterine
trigone
branches of pudendal nerve
inferior rectal nerve
branches to scrotum and labia
dorsal nerve of the penis
what illness/ defect is characterised by
ureter is too short (in embryological development)
physiological valve is straightened
vesicoureteric reflux
The peritoneum is reflected over the uterus with
the Uterovesical pouch between ____
pouch of Douglas or _______ between the ____
the broad ligament over the______
the round ligament (remnant of the _____ which pulls ovaries) connects to the Ovary when it’s called _____
uterus and bladder retro uterine , rectum and the uterus fallopian tube and uterus gubernaculum ligament of the ovary
pheochromocytoma
tumour build up leading to overproduction of adrenaline
where do the suprarenal arteries branch from
superior suprarenal from inferior phrenic
middle suprarenal from directly from aorta
inferior suprarenal from renal artery
the ________ extends between pyramids to form renal columns
renal cortex
the _____ enters the bladder obliquely at the level of the ischial spine
ureter
trace the path of urine
pyramids –> renal papilla –> minor calyx –> major calyx –> renal pelvis –> ureter
benign prostatic enlargement - most common cancer in males
this normally affects the ___ lobe (central region)
it grows inwards, causing ____
it is treated with _______ (reopening of the urethra)
median
urethral obstruction
transurethral resection of the prostate (TVRP)
the _____ becomes the median artery which then becomes the ______ which supplies the bladder
umbilical artery
superior vesical artery
the femoral artery is a branch of
external iliac artery
what is the nerve supply to the external sphincter
pudendal nerve
what illness is characterised by too much aldosterone hypokalemia increase Na/H20 retention increase blood pressure
conn’s disease
vertebral level of hilum of right kidney
L1 and L2
what fascia surrounds the components of the superficial pouch in the male? what fascia is superficial to the one identified?
buck’s fascia
colles’
parts of adrenal glands and what do they produce
- zona glomerulosa - mineralocorticoids, aldosterone
- zona fasciculata - glucocorticoids, cortisol
- zona reticularis - androgens, DHEA
- medulla - contains chromaffin cells and adrenaline and noradrenaline
in the urogenital diaphragm, the thin layer of pelvic fascia is on the undersurface of the
levator ani
venous drainage of the prostate
prostatic plexus of veins and vesical plexus (bladder)
what is the superficial perineal fascia
colles’ fascia (continuation of scarpa’s)
the iliolumbar artery is a branch of
posterior internal iliac artery
the renal medulla is a ________ between the renal columns
collection of pyramids
The female pelvis is ______ (pubic arches) 78 to 85° while males have a _________ 50 to 60°
The ischial spines of woman are ____ whereas the males has it projecting ______.
circular and wider
heart shaped and narrow
straight
medially
Where is the Pelvic outer diameter
Between the two ischial spines
blood supply to deep perineal pouch
internal pudendal artery and vein
each hip bone is divided into the _____________ separated by a _______ (will ossify and bones will form)
ilium, ischium, pubis
y-shaped hyaline cartilage
muscles of the deep perineal pouch
external urethral sphincter deep transverse perinei sphincter urethrovaginalis (IN FEMALES ONLY)
Uterus and cervix
___ - above entrance of fallopian tube
___ - entry into the fallopian tube
____ - uterine canal and lumen (sidewall)
____ - opening into _____ is the external OS and ____ is the internal OS its leaves gaps in the vagina called _____ (anterior and posterior)
word bank: Cornu fornices cervix Fundus vaginal side body uterine side
Fundus Cornu body cervix vaginal side uterine side fornices
what illness is characterised by
too much cortisol
too much adrenaline
always alert
cushing’s syndrome
the umbilical artery becomes the ______ which then becomes the superior vesical artery which supplies the ___
median artery
bladder
what are the 3 parietal branches of the anterior internal iliac artery
obturator
inferior, gluteal
internal pudendal –> dorsal artery of the penis
The peritoneum is reflected over the uterus with
the _____ between uterus and bladder
______ or retro uterine between the rectum and the uterus
the ______ over the fallopian tube and uterus
the __________ (remnant of the gubernaculum which pulls ovaries) connects to the Ovary when it’s called ligament of the ovary
word bank : broad ligament Uterovesical pouch round ligament pouch of Douglas
Uterovesical pouch
pouch of Douglas
broad ligament
round ligament
The greater sciatic foramen is divided by the ______
piriformis muscle
vena cava is medial to the
right adrenal glands
the ureter is deeper than the renal artery and passes behind the _______
2nd part of duodenum
what are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall
psoas minor
psoas major
quadratus lumborum
transverse abdominis
middle suprarenal is a branch of
aorta
The fallopian tube has three parts
Infundibulum has the fimbriae and collect the eggs
ampulla
isthmus - narrowest part
prostate cancer - even more common normally affects peripheral regions affects \_\_\_\_ lobes (mostly) it is palpated through a \_\_\_ or \_\_\_\_ there is usually a dip or notch between the 2 lateral lobes where the posterior lobe is palpable if it isn't palpable --> sign of \_\_\_
posterior and lateral
digital rectal exam (DRE)
transrectal ultra somnograph (TRUS)
pancreatic cancer
the corpus cavernosum becomes the the crus of the penis _____(aspect) which attaches to the ____ and has _____ as the overlying muscle
posteriorly
ishiopubic rami
ishiocavernosus
what are kidney stones
known as urinary caliculi
calcium oxalate and phosphate ( shows on x-rays)
Ovarian fossa is the angle between the _____ which separate from the ______ at the sacroiliac joint
this is where the blood vessels to support the genitalia go through
these blood vessel are the _____ arteries as well as the _____ nerve
internal and external iliac vessels
common iliac artery
uterine and vaginal arteries
obturator nerve
what is posterior to the adrenal glands
diaphragm
Contents of hilum
contains ureter, renal vessels, lymphatics and nerves
what illness/ defect is characterised by
membrane forms in urethral opening –> urine cannot pass
posterior urethral valves
the corpus cavernosa _____ during erection
fills with blood
neuropathic bladder
stimulus for voiding absent or uncontrollable
Layers of the uterine wall
Endometrium (columnar epithelium)
myometrium (smooth-muscle)
serosa (peritoneum)
The greater sciatic foramen is divided by the piriformis muscle into ______ supplied by superior gluteal nerve and vessels and _______ supplied by everything not mentioned and pudendal nerve
above piriformis
below piriformis
aorta bifurcates at ___ and forms the _______
L4
left and right common iliac arteries
renal columns are inward projection of _____ that separates pyramids
cortex
what is the central perineal tendon
fibromuscular node in the midline at the junction of urogenital and anal triangles
prostate cancer can metastasise easily through the lexuses into the _____ –> vertebral plexus –> high rate of metastasis to bone –> weak bone
internal iliac veins
the ______ is deeper than the renal artery and passes behind the 2nd part of duodenum
ureter
relations of left adrenal gland
posterior - diaphragm
medial - celiac trunk and left crus of the diaphragm
anteriorly - lesser sac and stomach
the left suprarenal vein drains into the
left renal vein
the anterior internal artery has 3 ____ and 3 ______ branched arteries in the male
parietal
visceral
The hepatic flexure lies anterior to the _____
right kidney
lesser sac and stomach is anterior to the
left adrenal glands
When the bladder is empty it rests within the pelvis
it enlarges ____ (aspect) when filled
it is positioned at a tilt such that the ____ is the most inferior point
this is by the ___ ligament at its apex
superiorly
urethra
medial umbilical
vertebral level of renal plexus
T10 - T12
floor of the true pelvis
levator ani
Do the branches of the renal artery anastomose?
no anastomosis
They are end-arteries.
** ischemia is very severe
the true pelvis is ____ to the pelvic inlet where the _______ is its floor
inferior
diaphragm (levator ani)
The sacrum (continuation of vertebra) is connected to what vertebral level
L5
what illness/ defect is characterised by
kidney in the pelvis since it never ascended
pelvic kidney
psoas major attachments
lumbar spine to lesser trochanter
the dorsal nerve is a branch of the
pudendal nerve
vesicoureteric reflux
ureter is too short (in embryological development)
physiological valve is straightened
when bladder contracts, reflux (associated with UTI)
vertebral level of renal and gonadal
L2
the subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nerves run _____ to the kidneys
posterior
Vagina fornices
Anterior fornix posterior fornix (related to pouch of Douglas) lateral fornix it is at the ischial spine and is where the uterine artery and the ureter pass (clinical - reflux)
what artery in the male has a different name in the female
what artery does it branch from
inferior vesical –> vaginal
anterior internal iliac artery (visceral)
vertebral level of subcostal nerves
T12
the external urethral sphincter is in the ____ and is under _____ control and is made of _____ muscle
deep perineal pouch
voluntary
skeletal
lymphatic drainage of testis
para-aortic (lumbar)
** testis came from gonadal region
bare area of liver is anterior to the
right adrenal glands
the superior vesical artery is a branch of the
anterior internal iliac artery (visceral)
nerve supply to the ureter
renal plexus (T10 - T12)
the _______ is formed by the obturator membrane
obturator canal
location of IVC in relation to the aorta
IVC is right and posterior to the aorta
The _________ lies anterior to the right kidney
hepatic flexure
the _______ is a collection of pyramids between the renal columns
renal medulla
where is the medial umbilical ligament found
apex of bladder
what is the navicular fossa
dilated part of urethra at glans penis
vertebral level of ilioinguinal nerve
L1
inferior suprarenal is a branch of
renal artery
terminal branch of pudendal nerve
dorsal nerve and vessels of penis or clitoris
clinical significance of central perineal tendon
may be damaged during childbirth or trauma and may result in fecal incontinence and prolapse
location of external urethral orifice
between vaginal orifice and clitoris
the 2 pubic bones join at the _____ which is a what type of joint
pubic symphysis (midline) secondary cartilaginous disk (bone -- hyaline -- disc -- hyaline -- bone)
relations of right adrenal gland
posterior - diaphragm
medial - vena cava
anterior - bare area of liver
addison’s disease
everything deficient
the ureter enters the bladder obliquely at the level of the
ischial spine
what is the blood supply to the prostate
what artery does it branch from
prostatic artery from the inferior vesical artery
the ____ side of the paired branches of the aorta are shorter than the _____ side.
left
right
is the adrenal gland located within the renal capsule
NOPE
what is the correct position of the pelvis
where the ASIS and the pubic tubercle are in the same position –> slanted forwards
what important pelvic structure does NOT get its blood supply directly from the iliac arteries
gonads (branches off aorta directly)
the prostate gland is located underneath the ____ and between the _____.
it surrounds the urethra and is inspected through the ___
bladder
internal and external sphincter
rectum
under the prostate, the ______ is enclosed _____ by the thin layer of pelvic fascia and _____ by the thick perineal membrane which is fused to the ______, superior to the _____ which is superior and deep to _____
word bank: colles' fascia posterior margin of the perineal membrane superficial perineal the pouch inferiorly deep pouch superiorly
deep pouch superiorly inferiorly posterior margin of the perineal membrane superficial perineal the pouch colles' fascia
lymphatic drainage of corpora and penile urethra
internal iliac nodes
the left gonadal vein drains into the
left renal vein
the ureter runs down and parallel to the ___________
transverse process of the lumbar spine
the internal pudendal artery runs with the ___
a branch goes through the deep perineal pouch and emerges at the ____
pudendal nerve
angle between the 2 ishipubic rami
importance of transitional epithelium
waterproof
the uterine artery crosses the ureter _____
anteriorly
urethral injury leads to a ____ displacement. why?
upward
blocked by scarpa’s fascia
vertebral level of iliohypogastric nerve
L1
the ureter enters the bladder ______ at the level of the ischial spine
obliquely
location of ureteric constrictions
- ureteropelvic junction at hilum (L1)
- pelvic inlet at bifurcation of common iliac artery (L5, S1)
- entrance to the bladder (level of ischial spine)
the deep artery of the penis passes through ______
the center of the corpus cavernosa (1 branch in each)
The uterus is located over the bladder but bladder does not support it
what supports the uterus?
Levator ani perineal body pelvic Fascia --> lateral ligaments --> transverse Cardinal, mackenrodt's uterosacral ligaments pubocervical ligaments
Outline the bifurcation of the aorta and common iliac artery in the formation of the arteries of the pelvic region
Aorta –> common iliac artery –> external iliac artery –> femoral
common iliac artery –> internal iliac artery –> anterior –> 3 parietal (obturator, inferior, gluteal, internal pudendal –> dorsal artery of the penis) and 3 visceral (superior vesical, inferior vesical (vaginal in females), middle rectal) and the uterine artery in females only.
common iliac artery –> internal iliac artery –> posterior –> 3 parietal (iliolumbar, lateral sacral, superior gluteal)
which veins drain into the left renal vein
left suprarenal
left gonadal
Blood supply to hilum is the ____ which divides into ____________ branches.
renal artery
4 anterior and 1 posterior
sympathetics of the internal sphincter
what action does it allow for and what action does it inhibit
hypogastric nerves
stimulates semen production
stops pissing
The __________ nerves run posterior to the kidneys
subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal
the bulb of the penis is the proximal part of the ___ overlying the muscle _____
corpus spongiosum
bulbospongiosus
lymphatic drainage of glans
deep inguinal nodes
Location of the lateral fornix and it’s clinical relevance
lateral fornix it is at the ischial spine and is where the uterine artery and the ureter pass (clinical - reflux)
what illness is characterised by a tumour build up leading to overproduction of adrenaline
pheochromocytoma
