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Finals > REB anatomy > Flashcards

REB anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is medial to the right adrenal glands

A

vena cava

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2
Q

the ____ side of the renal artery is shorter than the _______ side

A

right

left

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3
Q

the _____________ foreamens are formed by the supraspinous ligament horizontally and the sacrotuberous ligament vertically

A

greater and lesser sciatic

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4
Q

what is medial to the left adrenal glands

A

celiac trunk and left crus of the diaphragm

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5
Q

the true pelvis is inferior to the

A

pelvic inlet

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6
Q

what illness/ defect is characterised by

stimulus for voiding absent or uncontrollable

A

neuropathic bladder

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7
Q

the internal pudendal artery is a branch of the

A

anterior internal iliac artery (parietal)

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8
Q

the greater and lesser sciatic foramens are formed by the _____ horizontally and the ______ vertically.

A

supraspinous ligament

sacrotuberous

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9
Q

The hepatic flexure lies ____ to the right kidney

A

anterior

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10
Q

The sacrum (continuation of vertebra) is connected to L5 by the promontory and has ala with _____ on each level

A

foramina

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11
Q

layers of the urogenital diaphragm

A

superior or deep layer - thin layer of pelvic fascia
middle layer - deep perineal pouch (muscles, neurovascular etc)
inferior (or superficial) layer - perineal membrane

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12
Q

posterior urethral valves

A

membrane forms in urethral opening –> urine cannot pass

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13
Q

cushing’s syndrome

A

too much cortisol
too much adrenaline
always alert

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14
Q

the renal cortex extends between pyramids to form ______

A

renal columns

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15
Q

the pubic symphysis is at the

A

midline

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16
Q

vertebral level of ureteropelvic junction

A

at hilum (L1)

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17
Q

the renal medulla is a collection of pyramids between the __________

A

renal columns

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18
Q

the false pelvis is _____ to the pelvic inlet and part of the abdominal cavity with _______

A

superior

right cecum and the left sigmoid colon

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19
Q

the superficial perineal pouch is superior and deeper to ____ which is continuous with _____
it is inferior to the ____

A

colles’ fascia
scarpa’s fascia
perineal membrane

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20
Q

the renal cortex extends between _____ to form renal columns

A

pyramids

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21
Q

Females have a really short and straight urethras.

What are the parts of the male urethra and describe them (where applicable)?

A 
Pre-prostatic part (internal sphincter)
prostatic part (prostate) 
membranous part contains Cowper's gland (narrowest part) as it passes through the external sphincter (urogenital diaphragm)
spongy part along corpus spongiosum
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22
Q

vertebral level of hilum of left kidney

A

L1

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23
Q

the ureter is deeper than the renal artery and passes _____ the 2nd part of duodenum

A

behind

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24
Q

lymphatic drainage of skin of penis and scrotum

A

superficial inguinal nodes

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25
Q

Do urethra is fixed in its place by the

A

Pubovesical in females and vaginal wall

puboprostatic in males and seminal vesicles posteriorly

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26
Q

ovaries sit within the ____, connected to the ligament of the ovary which is continuous with the _____

A

fimbriae

round ligament

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27
Q

pelvic kidney

A

kidney in the pelvis since it never ascended

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28
Q

lesser sciatic foramen _______ re-emerges through and heads to supply motor functions through _____ on top of the _____ muscle.

A

pudendal nerve
Alcox canal
obturator internus

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29
Q

the obturator canal is formed by the

A

obturator membrane

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30
Q

explain benign prostatic enlargement

A

most common cancer in males
this normally affects the median lobe (central region)
it grows inwards, causing urethral obstruction
it is treated with transurethral resection of the prostate (TVRP) ( reopening of the urethra)

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31
Q

horseshoe kidney

A

fusion of 2 kidney –> stagnant urine –> affects tilt

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32
Q

vertebral level of pelvic inlet at bifurcation of common iliac artery

A

L5, S1

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33
Q

branches of the pudendal artery

A 
artery to bulb - through corpus spongiosum 
deep artery - corpus cavernosa 
dorsal artery - skin and glans
2 scrotal/ labial branches
inferior rectal artery (male and female)
perineal branch (male and female)
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34
Q

location of entrance to the bladder

A

level of ischial spine

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35
Q

a TURP is used in the identification of _____

A

benign prostatic enlargement

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36
Q

what are the 5 lobes of the prostate

A

anterior lobe - anterior to urethra
median lobe - thinnest part - posterior to urethra and in base of bladder
posterior lobe - posterior to urethra and bounded superiorly by ejaculatory ducts
2 lateral lobes

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37
Q

The vagina is a fibromuscular tube of ____ epithelium (good for stretch)
after the external OS there is a ____ junction
the _____ is also where the Pap smear (tavies?) cells to examine for cervical cancer
the cervix enters the vagina obliquely creating vaginal -_____

A

squamous
squamocolumnar
external OS
fornices

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38
Q

blood supply to the ureter

A

branches of the renal artery, aorta and gonadal arteries

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39
Q

____ catheter goes in from the pubis
____ catheter goes in through z-shape male urethra of female shortness
____ allows vision into the bladder

A

Suprapubic
urethral
cystoscopy

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40
Q

the ureter like all piss containing epithelia are made of __________

A

transitional epithelium

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41
Q 
Uterus and cervix
Fundus - above entrance of \_\_\_\_\_
Cornu - entry into the \_\_\_\_\_ 
body - uterine canal in lumen (sidewall)
cervix - opening into vaginal side is the \_\_\_\_\_ and uterine side is the \_\_\_\_\_ its leaves gaps in the vagina called fornices (anterior and posterior)
A

fallopian tube
fallopian tube
external OS
internal OS

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42
Q

quadratus lumborum attachments

A

rib 12
lumbar spines
iliac crest

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43
Q

The pelvic outlet is divided into the urogenital triangle ____ and anal triangle ______.

A

anteriorly

posteriorly

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44
Q

vertebral level of celiac artery

A

T12

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45
Q

________ are inward projection of cortex that separates pyramids

A

renal columns

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46
Q

The internal pudendal goes under the ______ and becomes the _______

A

levator ani

dorsal artery of the penis

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47
Q

The sacrum (continuation of vertebra) is connected to L5 by the _______ and has ___ with foramina on each level

A

promotary

Ala

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48
Q

The spleen, splenic artery, tail of the pancreas and splenic flexure are _____ to the left kidney

A

anterior

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49
Q

are the kidneys exposed?

A

yea

under the ribs

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50
Q

a DRE is used in the identification of _____ by _____

A

prostate cancer

palpation

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51
Q

superior suprarenal is a branch of

A

inferior phrenic

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52
Q

vertebral level of inferior phrenic

A

T12

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53
Q

the lateral sacral artery is a branch of

A

posterior internal iliac artery

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54
Q

location of adrenal gland

A

within gerota’s fascia (3rd layer)

not within the renal capsule

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55
Q

the greater and lesser sciatic foreamens are formed by the supraspinous ligament ______ and the sacrotuberous ligament _______

A

horizontally

vertically

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56
Q

The pelvic outlet is divided into the _____ anteriorly and _____ posteriorly.

A

urogenital triangle

anal triangle

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57
Q

The _____________ are anterior to the left kidney

A

spleen, splenic artery, tail of the pancreas and splenic flexure

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58
Q

what is anteriorly to the right adrenal glands

A

bare area of liver

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59
Q

Trace the path of the vas deferens

A

Males have their vas deferens which crosses ureter and enters the urethra through ejaculatory duct

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60
Q

The synovial sacroiliac joint of the sacrum-hip bone is supported by

A

anterior, interosseous and posterior sacroiliac ligament

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61
Q

parasympathetic innervation of internal sphincter

what action does it allow for

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves

stimulates pissing

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62
Q

Blood supply to the bladder

A

Superior and inferior vesical arteries from the internal iliac
** Males have their vas deferens which crosses ureter and enters the urethra through ejaculatory duct

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63
Q

which adrenal gland is larger?

A

left

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64
Q

the right gonadal vein drains into the

A

IVC

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65
Q

vertebral level of median sacral

A

L4

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66
Q

what is anteriorly to the left adrenal glands

A

lesser sac and stomach

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67
Q

vertebral level of inferior mesenteric

A

L3

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68
Q

what are the 3 parietal branches of the posterior internal iliac artery

A

iliolumbar
lateral sacral
superior gluteal

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69
Q

the ureter is deeper than the ________ and passes behind the 2nd part of duodenum

A

renal artery

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70
Q

the ____ side suprarenal arteries are shorter than the ____ side

A

left

right

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71
Q

the right kidney is located at the ____ rib

A

11th

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72
Q

nerve supply of deep perineal pouch

A

pudendal nerve

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73
Q

internal urethral sphincter
what muscle
what kind of control

A

detrusor muscle thickened, smooth muscle, involuntary control

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74
Q

the middle rectal artery is a branch of the

A

anterior internal iliac artery (visceral)

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75
Q

Fascia of the kidney and describe them (in to out)

A
  1. renal capsule - adheres to surface and prevents infection
  2. adipose capsule - perirenal fat
  3. gerota’s fascia - dense connective tissue that anchors kidney; used to detect stage of cancer
  4. pararenal fat - adipose capsules
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76
Q

vertebral level of middle adrenal

A

L1

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77
Q

attachments of central perineal tendon

A

(8 muscles)
levator ani
external anal sphincter
sphincter urethrae

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78
Q

is the sacrum-hip bone joint mobile?

A

NOPE

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79
Q

The greater sciatic foramen is divided by the piriformis muscle into above piriformis supplied by _______ and below piriformis supplied by _______.

A

superior gluteal nerve and vessels

everything not mentioned and pudendal nerve

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80
Q

Clinical significance of the pubovesical ligament

A

The cavity of the pubovesical ligaments can lead to stress incontinence –> cannot piss usually from pregnancy

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81
Q

the ureter runs down and ______ to the transverse process of the lumbar spine

A

parallel

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82
Q

when the ejaculatory and prostatic ducts are secreting their content, the internal sphincter closes to prevent

A

urine from mixing

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83
Q

what 4 paired branches of the aorta and their location

A 
inferior phrenic (T12)
middle adrenal (L1)
renal and gonadal (L2)
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84
Q

what illness/ defect is characterised by
complete - 2 separate
incomplete - eventually joins again
does not change the drainage but more constrictions are present. if one ureter is blocked, backflow still occurs

A

2 ureters

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85
Q

the superior gluteal artery is a branch of

A

posterior internal iliac artery

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86
Q

epithelium of urethra

A

distally - squamous

proximally - transitional (mostly)

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87
Q

vertebral level of superior mesenteric

A

L1

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88
Q

the ureter is _____ than the renal artery and passes behind the 2nd part of duodenum

A

deeper

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89
Q

the right suprarenal vein drains into the

A

IVC

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90
Q

the obturator artery is a branch of the

A

anterior internal iliac artery (parietal)

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91
Q

what illness/ defect is characterised by

fusion of 2 kidney –> stagnant urine –> affects tilt

A

horseshoe kidney

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92
Q

the false pelvis is superior to the

A

pelvic inlet and part of the abdominal cavity with right cecum and the left sigmoid colon

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93
Q

explain the significance of having 2 ureters

A

complete - 2 separate
incomplete - eventually joins again
does not change the drainage but more constrictions are present. if one ureter is blocked, backflow still occurs

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94
Q

the pelvic inlet is formed by the _______ until reaching the ______

A

sacral promontory and ala, arcuate line and pectineal line

pubic symphysis

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95
Q

the female has 1 extra arterial branch in the pelvic region

what is this artery and what artery does it branch from

A

vaginal artery

anterior internal iliac artery

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96
Q

celiac trunk and left crus of the diaphragm is medial to the

A

left adrenal glands

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97
Q

bifurcation of vena cava

A

L5

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98
Q

explain prostate cancer

A

even more common
normally affects peripheral regions
affects posterior and lateral lobes (mostly)
it is palpated through a digital rectal exam (DRE) or transrectal ultra somnograph (TRUS)
there is usually a dip or notch between the 2 lateral lobes where the posterior lobe is palpable
if it isn’t –> pancreatic cancer

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99
Q

bifurcation of IVC at the vertebral level

A

L5

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100
Q

path of pudendal nerve

A

out greater sciatic foramen and back in through the lesser sciatic foramen, wrapping around the ischial spine, under the levator ani

101
Q

The bladder in children is smaller and is located in the _____
adults have their bladder larger and in the ____

A

abdomen

pelvis

102
Q

conn’s disease

A

too much aldosterone
hypokalemia
increase Na/H20 retention
increase blood pressure

103
Q

Waterhouse friderichsen

A

bacterial infection of the adrenal gland

104
Q

the inferior vesical artery is a branch of the

A

anterior internal iliac artery (visceral)

105
Q

renal columns are inward projection of cortex that separates ______

A

pyramids

106
Q

a TRUS is an _____ used in the identification of _____

A

ultrasound

prostate cancer

107
Q

the subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nerves run posterior to the ______

A

kidneys

108
Q

the urethra runs through the ______

A

corpus spongiosum

109
Q

the pyramids are

A

parallel bundles of urine collecting tubules (nephrons)

110
Q

the interior internal artery has 3 _____ branched arteries

A

parietal

111
Q

what 4 unpaired branches of the aorta and their location

A 
celiac artery (T12)
superior mesenteric (L1)
inferior mesenteric (L3)
median sacral (L4)
112
Q

diameters of the pelvic inlet

A 
Conjugate diameter (anterior to posteriorly) promontory to pubic symphysis
Transverse diameter (left to right) widest part
113
Q

the inferior gluteal artery is a branch of the

A

anterior internal iliac artery (parietal)

114
Q

the sacrum has an articular facet for the _____ where it forms a what type of joint?

A

hipbone

synovial sacroiliac joint

115
Q

thinnest part of urethra

A

membranous part

116
Q

The spleen, splenic artery, tail of the pancreas and splenic flexure are anterior to the ______

A

left kidney

117
Q

roof of perineum

A

levator ani

118
Q

the ______ runs down and parallel to the transverse process of the lumbar spine

A

ureter

119
Q

Position and relation of the vagina

A

Anteflexion between cervix and uterus 70°

anteversion (V for a vagina) angle between the cervix and the vagina 90°

120
Q

what are the 3 visceral branches of the anterior internal iliac artery

A

superior vesical
inferior vesical vaginal (vaginal in females)
middle rectal

121
Q

the prostatic part of the urethra has 3 openings

what are they?

A 
2 ejaculatory (vas deferens) 
prostatic duct (semen)
122
Q

what are the parallel bundles of urine collecting tubules (nephrons)

A

pyramids

123
Q

the uterine artery crosses the ____ anteriorly

A

ureter

124
Q

the left kidney is located at the ____ rib (CC_)

A

11th

11

125
Q

The pelvic outlet is the ______ aspect of the inlet. It is formed by the _______.

A

inferior

ischio pubic Ramus (the ischium and the pubis), sacrotuberous ligament and the coccyx

126
Q

males have a special gland in their perineal pouch called the

A

bulbourethral glands (of Cowper)

127
Q

The ureter (which crossers the _____ artery) enters the bladder obliquely forming a ____ which includes two ureters and urethra and is at base of bladder

A

uterine

trigone

128
Q

branches of pudendal nerve

A

inferior rectal nerve
branches to scrotum and labia
dorsal nerve of the penis

129
Q

what illness/ defect is characterised by
ureter is too short (in embryological development)
physiological valve is straightened

A

vesicoureteric reflux

130
Q

The peritoneum is reflected over the uterus with
the Uterovesical pouch between ____
pouch of Douglas or _______ between the ____
the broad ligament over the______
the round ligament (remnant of the _____ which pulls ovaries) connects to the Ovary when it’s called _____

A 
uterus and bladder
retro uterine , rectum and the uterus 
 fallopian tube and uterus 
gubernaculum
ligament of the ovary
131
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

tumour build up leading to overproduction of adrenaline

132
Q

where do the suprarenal arteries branch from

A

superior suprarenal from inferior phrenic
middle suprarenal from directly from aorta
inferior suprarenal from renal artery

133
Q

the ________ extends between pyramids to form renal columns

A

renal cortex

134
Q

the _____ enters the bladder obliquely at the level of the ischial spine

A

ureter

135
Q

trace the path of urine

A

pyramids –> renal papilla –> minor calyx –> major calyx –> renal pelvis –> ureter

136
Q

benign prostatic enlargement - most common cancer in males
this normally affects the ___ lobe (central region)
it grows inwards, causing ____
it is treated with _______ (reopening of the urethra)

A

median
urethral obstruction
transurethral resection of the prostate (TVRP)

137
Q

the _____ becomes the median artery which then becomes the ______ which supplies the bladder

A

umbilical artery

superior vesical artery

138
Q

the femoral artery is a branch of

A

external iliac artery

139
Q

what is the nerve supply to the external sphincter

A

pudendal nerve

140
Q 
what illness is characterised by 
too much aldosterone 
hypokalemia 
increase Na/H20 retention 
increase blood pressure
A

conn’s disease

141
Q

vertebral level of hilum of right kidney

A

L1 and L2

142
Q

what fascia surrounds the components of the superficial pouch in the male? what fascia is superficial to the one identified?

A

buck’s fascia

colles’

143
Q

parts of adrenal glands and what do they produce

A
  1. zona glomerulosa - mineralocorticoids, aldosterone
  2. zona fasciculata - glucocorticoids, cortisol
  3. zona reticularis - androgens, DHEA
  4. medulla - contains chromaffin cells and adrenaline and noradrenaline
144
Q

in the urogenital diaphragm, the thin layer of pelvic fascia is on the undersurface of the

A

levator ani

145
Q

venous drainage of the prostate

A

prostatic plexus of veins and vesical plexus (bladder)

146
Q

what is the superficial perineal fascia

A

colles’ fascia (continuation of scarpa’s)

147
Q

the iliolumbar artery is a branch of

A

posterior internal iliac artery

148
Q

the renal medulla is a ________ between the renal columns

A

collection of pyramids

149
Q

The female pelvis is ______ (pubic arches) 78 to 85° while males have a _________ 50 to 60°
The ischial spines of woman are ____ whereas the males has it projecting ______.

A

circular and wider
heart shaped and narrow
straight
medially

150
Q

Where is the Pelvic outer diameter

A

Between the two ischial spines

151
Q

blood supply to deep perineal pouch

A

internal pudendal artery and vein

152
Q

each hip bone is divided into the _____________ separated by a _______ (will ossify and bones will form)

A

ilium, ischium, pubis

y-shaped hyaline cartilage

153
Q

muscles of the deep perineal pouch

A 
external urethral sphincter
deep transverse perinei
sphincter urethrovaginalis (IN FEMALES ONLY)
154
Q

Uterus and cervix
___ - above entrance of fallopian tube
___ - entry into the fallopian tube
____ - uterine canal and lumen (sidewall)
____ - opening into _____ is the external OS and ____ is the internal OS its leaves gaps in the vagina called _____ (anterior and posterior)

word bank:
Cornu 
fornices 
cervix 
Fundus
vaginal side
body 
uterine side
A 
Fundus
Cornu 
body 
cervix 
vaginal side
uterine side
fornices
155
Q

what illness is characterised by
too much cortisol
too much adrenaline
always alert

A

cushing’s syndrome

156
Q

the umbilical artery becomes the ______ which then becomes the superior vesical artery which supplies the ___

A

median artery

bladder

157
Q

what are the 3 parietal branches of the anterior internal iliac artery

A

obturator
inferior, gluteal
internal pudendal –> dorsal artery of the penis

158
Q

The peritoneum is reflected over the uterus with
the _____ between uterus and bladder
______ or retro uterine between the rectum and the uterus
the ______ over the fallopian tube and uterus
the __________ (remnant of the gubernaculum which pulls ovaries) connects to the Ovary when it’s called ligament of the ovary

word bank :
broad ligament
Uterovesical pouch
round ligament 
pouch of Douglas
A

Uterovesical pouch
pouch of Douglas
broad ligament
round ligament

159
Q

The greater sciatic foramen is divided by the ______

A

piriformis muscle

160
Q

vena cava is medial to the

A

right adrenal glands

161
Q

the ureter is deeper than the renal artery and passes behind the _______

A

2nd part of duodenum

162
Q

what are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

A

psoas minor
psoas major
quadratus lumborum
transverse abdominis

163
Q

middle suprarenal is a branch of

A

aorta

164
Q

The fallopian tube has three parts

A

Infundibulum has the fimbriae and collect the eggs
ampulla
isthmus - narrowest part

165
Q 
prostate cancer - even more common 
normally affects peripheral regions
affects \_\_\_\_ lobes (mostly) 
it is palpated through a \_\_\_ or \_\_\_\_ 
there is usually a dip or notch between the 2 lateral lobes where the posterior lobe is palpable
if it isn't palpable  --> sign of  \_\_\_
A

posterior and lateral
digital rectal exam (DRE)
transrectal ultra somnograph (TRUS)
pancreatic cancer

166
Q

the corpus cavernosum becomes the the crus of the penis _____(aspect) which attaches to the ____ and has _____ as the overlying muscle

A

posteriorly
ishiopubic rami
ishiocavernosus

167
Q

what are kidney stones

A

known as urinary caliculi

calcium oxalate and phosphate ( shows on x-rays)

168
Q

Ovarian fossa is the angle between the _____ which separate from the ______ at the sacroiliac joint
this is where the blood vessels to support the genitalia go through
these blood vessel are the _____ arteries as well as the _____ nerve

A

internal and external iliac vessels
common iliac artery
uterine and vaginal arteries
obturator nerve

169
Q

what is posterior to the adrenal glands

A

diaphragm

170
Q

Contents of hilum

A

contains ureter, renal vessels, lymphatics and nerves

171
Q

what illness/ defect is characterised by

membrane forms in urethral opening –> urine cannot pass

A

posterior urethral valves

172
Q

the corpus cavernosa _____ during erection

A

fills with blood

173
Q

neuropathic bladder

A

stimulus for voiding absent or uncontrollable

174
Q

Layers of the uterine wall

A

Endometrium (columnar epithelium)
myometrium (smooth-muscle)
serosa (peritoneum)

175
Q

The greater sciatic foramen is divided by the piriformis muscle into ______ supplied by superior gluteal nerve and vessels and _______ supplied by everything not mentioned and pudendal nerve

A

above piriformis

below piriformis

176
Q

aorta bifurcates at ___ and forms the _______

A

L4

left and right common iliac arteries

177
Q

renal columns are inward projection of _____ that separates pyramids

A

cortex

178
Q

what is the central perineal tendon

A

fibromuscular node in the midline at the junction of urogenital and anal triangles

179
Q

prostate cancer can metastasise easily through the lexuses into the _____ –> vertebral plexus –> high rate of metastasis to bone –> weak bone

A

internal iliac veins

180
Q

the ______ is deeper than the renal artery and passes behind the 2nd part of duodenum

A

ureter

181
Q

relations of left adrenal gland

A

posterior - diaphragm
medial - celiac trunk and left crus of the diaphragm
anteriorly - lesser sac and stomach

182
Q

the left suprarenal vein drains into the

A

left renal vein

183
Q

the anterior internal artery has 3 ____ and 3 ______ branched arteries in the male

A

parietal

visceral

184
Q

The hepatic flexure lies anterior to the _____

A

right kidney

185
Q

lesser sac and stomach is anterior to the

A

left adrenal glands

186
Q

When the bladder is empty it rests within the pelvis
it enlarges ____ (aspect) when filled
it is positioned at a tilt such that the ____ is the most inferior point
this is by the ___ ligament at its apex

A

superiorly
urethra
medial umbilical

187
Q

vertebral level of renal plexus

A

T10 - T12

188
Q

floor of the true pelvis

A

levator ani

189
Q

Do the branches of the renal artery anastomose?

A

no anastomosis
They are end-arteries.
** ischemia is very severe

190
Q

the true pelvis is ____ to the pelvic inlet where the _______ is its floor

A

inferior

diaphragm (levator ani)

191
Q

The sacrum (continuation of vertebra) is connected to what vertebral level

A

L5

192
Q

what illness/ defect is characterised by

kidney in the pelvis since it never ascended

A

pelvic kidney

193
Q

psoas major attachments

A

lumbar spine to lesser trochanter

194
Q

the dorsal nerve is a branch of the

A

pudendal nerve

195
Q

vesicoureteric reflux

A

ureter is too short (in embryological development)
physiological valve is straightened
when bladder contracts, reflux (associated with UTI)

196
Q

vertebral level of renal and gonadal

A

L2

197
Q

the subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nerves run _____ to the kidneys

A

posterior

198
Q

Vagina fornices

A 
Anterior fornix 
posterior fornix (related to pouch of Douglas) 
lateral fornix it is at the ischial spine and is where the uterine artery and the ureter pass (clinical - reflux)
199
Q

what artery in the male has a different name in the female

what artery does it branch from

A

inferior vesical –> vaginal

anterior internal iliac artery (visceral)

200
Q

vertebral level of subcostal nerves

A

T12

201
Q

the external urethral sphincter is in the ____ and is under _____ control and is made of _____ muscle

A

deep perineal pouch
voluntary
skeletal

202
Q

lymphatic drainage of testis

A

para-aortic (lumbar)

** testis came from gonadal region

203
Q

bare area of liver is anterior to the

A

right adrenal glands

204
Q

the superior vesical artery is a branch of the

A

anterior internal iliac artery (visceral)

205
Q

nerve supply to the ureter

A

renal plexus (T10 - T12)

206
Q

the _______ is formed by the obturator membrane

A

obturator canal

207
Q

location of IVC in relation to the aorta

A

IVC is right and posterior to the aorta

208
Q

The _________ lies anterior to the right kidney

A

hepatic flexure

209
Q

the _______ is a collection of pyramids between the renal columns

A

renal medulla

210
Q

where is the medial umbilical ligament found

A

apex of bladder

211
Q

what is the navicular fossa

A

dilated part of urethra at glans penis

212
Q

vertebral level of ilioinguinal nerve

A

L1

213
Q

inferior suprarenal is a branch of

A

renal artery

214
Q

terminal branch of pudendal nerve

A

dorsal nerve and vessels of penis or clitoris

215
Q

clinical significance of central perineal tendon

A

may be damaged during childbirth or trauma and may result in fecal incontinence and prolapse

216
Q

location of external urethral orifice

A

between vaginal orifice and clitoris

217
Q

the 2 pubic bones join at the _____ which is a what type of joint

A 
pubic symphysis (midline)
secondary cartilaginous disk (bone -- hyaline -- disc -- hyaline -- bone)
218
Q

relations of right adrenal gland

A

posterior - diaphragm
medial - vena cava
anterior - bare area of liver

219
Q

addison’s disease

A

everything deficient

220
Q

the ureter enters the bladder obliquely at the level of the

A

ischial spine

221
Q

what is the blood supply to the prostate

what artery does it branch from

A

prostatic artery from the inferior vesical artery

222
Q

the ____ side of the paired branches of the aorta are shorter than the _____ side.

A

left

right

223
Q

is the adrenal gland located within the renal capsule

A

NOPE

224
Q

what is the correct position of the pelvis

A

where the ASIS and the pubic tubercle are in the same position –> slanted forwards

225
Q

what important pelvic structure does NOT get its blood supply directly from the iliac arteries

A

gonads (branches off aorta directly)

226
Q

the prostate gland is located underneath the ____ and between the _____.
it surrounds the urethra and is inspected through the ___

A

bladder
internal and external sphincter
rectum

227
Q

under the prostate, the ______ is enclosed _____ by the thin layer of pelvic fascia and _____ by the thick perineal membrane which is fused to the ______, superior to the _____ which is superior and deep to _____

word bank:
colles' fascia
posterior margin of the perineal membrane
superficial perineal the pouch
inferiorly
deep pouch
superiorly
A 
deep pouch
superiorly
inferiorly
posterior margin of the perineal membrane
superficial perineal the pouch
colles' fascia
228
Q

lymphatic drainage of corpora and penile urethra

A

internal iliac nodes

229
Q

the left gonadal vein drains into the

A

left renal vein

230
Q

the ureter runs down and parallel to the ___________

A

transverse process of the lumbar spine

231
Q

the internal pudendal artery runs with the ___

a branch goes through the deep perineal pouch and emerges at the ____

A

pudendal nerve

angle between the 2 ishipubic rami

232
Q

importance of transitional epithelium

A

waterproof

233
Q

the uterine artery crosses the ureter _____

A

anteriorly

234
Q

urethral injury leads to a ____ displacement. why?

A

upward

blocked by scarpa’s fascia

235
Q

vertebral level of iliohypogastric nerve

A

L1

236
Q

the ureter enters the bladder ______ at the level of the ischial spine

A

obliquely

237
Q

location of ureteric constrictions

A
  1. ureteropelvic junction at hilum (L1)
  2. pelvic inlet at bifurcation of common iliac artery (L5, S1)
  3. entrance to the bladder (level of ischial spine)
238
Q

the deep artery of the penis passes through ______

A

the center of the corpus cavernosa (1 branch in each)

239
Q

The uterus is located over the bladder but bladder does not support it
what supports the uterus?

A 
Levator ani
perineal body 
pelvic Fascia --> lateral ligaments --> transverse Cardinal, mackenrodt's 
uterosacral ligaments 
pubocervical ligaments
240
Q

Outline the bifurcation of the aorta and common iliac artery in the formation of the arteries of the pelvic region

A

Aorta –> common iliac artery –> external iliac artery –> femoral

common iliac artery –> internal iliac artery –> anterior –> 3 parietal (obturator, inferior, gluteal, internal pudendal –> dorsal artery of the penis) and 3 visceral (superior vesical, inferior vesical (vaginal in females), middle rectal) and the uterine artery in females only.

common iliac artery –> internal iliac artery –> posterior –> 3 parietal (iliolumbar, lateral sacral, superior gluteal)

241
Q

which veins drain into the left renal vein

A

left suprarenal

left gonadal

242
Q

Blood supply to hilum is the ____ which divides into ____________ branches.

A

renal artery

4 anterior and 1 posterior

243
Q

sympathetics of the internal sphincter

what action does it allow for and what action does it inhibit

A

hypogastric nerves
stimulates semen production
stops pissing

244
Q

The __________ nerves run posterior to the kidneys

A

subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal

245
Q

the bulb of the penis is the proximal part of the ___ overlying the muscle _____

A

corpus spongiosum

bulbospongiosus

246
Q

lymphatic drainage of glans

A

deep inguinal nodes

247
Q

Location of the lateral fornix and it’s clinical relevance

A

lateral fornix it is at the ischial spine and is where the uterine artery and the ureter pass (clinical - reflux)

248
Q

what illness is characterised by a tumour build up leading to overproduction of adrenaline

A

pheochromocytoma

Finals (17 decks)

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