GB anatomy Flashcards
planes of the abdomen
- 2 MCL (vertical)
- transpyloric plane (L1) (halfway between xiphoid and umbilicus or 1/2 way between suprasternal notch and pubic symphysis
- transtubercular plane at L5 (line between ASIS on each side)
where dies the thoracic duct drain
junction of the left subclavian and IJV
vertebral level of transpyloric plane
L1
vertebral level of transtubercular plane
L5
nerves to the anterior abdominal wall
iliohypogastric - L1
ilioinguinal - L1
genitofemoral - L1,2
Intercostal nerves (b/w int oblique and transverse) VAN
vertebral level of iliohypogastric nerve
L1
vertebral level of
ilioinguinal nerve
L1
vertebral level of
genitofemoral nerve
L1,2
layers of the anterior abdominal wall
- skin
- superficial fascia - camper’s (fatty layer)
- superficial fascia - scarpa’s (membranous layer)
- external oblique and aponeurosis
- internal oblique and aponeurosis
- transverse abdominis and aponeurosis
- transversalis fascia (separates contents from rectus abdominis)
- extra peritoneal fascia
- peritoneal fascia
_____ fascia encloses the penis
colles’
rupture of the urethra causes swelling in the ____
scarpa’s fascia
murphy’s point
gallbladder
9th CC, MCL
L1
McBurney’s Point
Appendix
1/3 way from right ASIS to umbilicus
muscles of the anterior abdominal wall
rectus abdominis external oblique internal oblique transversus abdominis inguinal ligament
rectus abdominis
flexor of the spinal column
external oblique
passes medially to inguinal ligament, linea alba and pubic region
fibres pass downwards and medially
starts at lower 8 ribs
internal oblique
lateral part inguinal ligament
fibres pass upwards and medially
transversus abdominis
lower 6 ribs
horizontal fibres
lateral part of inguinal ligament
inguinal ligament
lateral part - formed by internal oblique and transverse abdominis
conjoint tendon
the lowest fibres arising from the inguinal ligament arches down to attach medially with similar fibres of the transverse abdominis to the pubic tubercle
the lowest fibres arising from the inguinal ligament arches down to attach medially with similar fibres of the transverse abdominis to the pubic tubercle to form the ____
conjoint tendon
linea alba
midline
semilunaris
lateral margin
rectus sheath
aponeurosis of muscles cover the rectus abdominis
above costal margin
only external oblique and it overlies the rectus abdominis
under costal margin
external oblique above
internal oblique splits above and below
transverse abdominis below
arcuate line
horizontal line where all aponeurosis lie over rectus abdominis
note- it is where inf. epigastric vessels perforate the rectus abdominis
where inf. epigastric vessels perforate the rectus abdominis
arcuate line
walls of the inguinal canal (and where do they originate)
internal spermatic fascia ( transversalis fascia)
cremaster muscle and fascia (conjoint tendon)
external spermatic fascia (external oblique)
contents of inguinal canal
female - round ligament of uterus
male -spermatic cord
both - ilioinguinal nerve
origin of internal spermatic fascia
transversalis fascia
origin of cremaster muscle and fascia
conjoint tendon
origin of external spermatic fascia
external oblique
contents of spermatic cord
3 arteries -
testicular artery (aorta at L2)
cremaster artery (inferior epigastric)
artery of vas (superior vesical)
3 nerves -
ilioinguinal (comes in laterally and not through deep inguinal ring
nerve to cremaster (genitofemoral)
sympathetics
3 others -
pampiniform plexus of veins
lymphatics of para-aortic nodes at L2
vas deferens
lymphatics of para-aortic nodes at
L2
testicular artery branches off aorta at
L2
the cremaster artery is a branch of the
inferior epigastric
the artery of vas is a branch of
superior vesical
the nerve to cremaster is a branch of the
genitofemoral
types of hernias
femoral hernia
inguinal
testicular swellings
femoral hernia
lateral and below pubic tubercle
inguinal hernias
direct - weakness of the transversalis fascia (superficial ring)
indirect - congenital hernia which goes through both rings along inguinal canal
testicular swelling
hydrocele - collection of fluid in tunica vaginalis
varicocele - enlarged veins of pampiniform plexus
spermatocele - sperm leak
hydrocele
collection of fluid in tunica vaginalis
varicocele
enlarged veins of pampiniform plexus
spermatocele
sperm leak
weakness of the transversalis fascia (superficial ring)
direct inguinal hernia
congenital hernia which goes through both rings along inguinal canal
indirect inguinal hernia
hernia lateral and below pubic tubercle
femoral hernia
enlarged veins of pampiniform plexus
varicocele
collection of fluid in tunica vaginalis
hydrocele
sperm leak
spermatocele
what important structures lie at the transpyloric plane
L1 fundus of gallbladder pancreatic body left and right colic/ splenic fissure spleen end of spinal cord origin of the superior mesenteric artery hilum of the kidneys ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve originates
vertebral level of
fundus of gallbladder
L1
vertebral level of
pancreatic body
L1
vertebral level of
left and right colic/ splenic fissure
L1
vertebral level of
spleen
L1
vertebral level of
end of spinal cord
L1
vertebral level of
origin of the superior mesenteric artery
L1
vertebral level of
hilum of the kidneys
L1
vertebral level of ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve
L1
2 layers of the peritoneum
- parietal - serous membrane that lines body wall
2. visceral - serous membrane that covers/ folds surface of the internal organs
pain in the layers of peritoneum
parietal - somatic localised
visceral - autonomic referred
foregut contents
distal esophagus –> 2nd part of duodenum
midgut contents
2nd part of duodenum –> 2/3 transverse colon
hindgut contents
distal 1/3 of transverse colon –> rectum
arterial supply to foregut
celiac trunk (T12)
arterial supply to midgut
superior mesenteric (L1)
arterial supply to hindgut
inferior mesenteric (L3)
vertebral level of celiac trunk
T12
vertebral level of superior mesenteric
L1
vertebral level of inferior mesenteric
L3
venous supply to foregut
splenic veins
venous supply to midgut
superior mesenteric
venous supply to hindgut
inferior mesenteric
innervation of foregut
T5-10
innervation of midgut
T9-11
innervation of hindgut
L1,2