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Finals > Bullshit > Flashcards

Bullshit Flashcards

1
Q

The parasympathetics of CN III travels with what branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Ophthalmic

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2
Q

What cranial nerves travel with the branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

III, VII, IX

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3
Q

Through what foreamen does the parasympathetics of III leave?

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

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4
Q

Through what foreamen does the parasympathetics of VII leave?

A

IAM

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5
Q

Through what foreamen does the parasympathetics of IX leave?

A

jugular foreamen

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6
Q

Which nucleus provides 2 parasympathetic pathways?

A

Superior salivatory nucleus

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7
Q

What nerve leaves the Superior salivatory nucleus?

A

VII

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8
Q

What nerve leaves the inferior salivatory nucleus?

A

IX

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9
Q

What nerve leaves the edinger-westphal nucleus?

A

III

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10
Q

What nucleus does cranial nerve III arise from?

A

edinger-westphal nucleus

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11
Q

What nucleus does cranial nerve VII arise from?

A

Superior salivatory nucleus

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12
Q

What nucleus does cranial nerve IX arise from?

A

inferior salivatory nucleus

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13
Q

What nucleus does cranial nerve X arise from?

A

dorsal motor nucleus

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14
Q

The greater petrosal nerve is a branch of what CN?

A

VII

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15
Q

The lesser petrosal nerve is a branch of what CN?

A

IX

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16
Q

The articulotemporal nerve is a branch of what CN?

A

VII

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17
Q

The chorda tympani nerve is a branch of what CN?

A

VII

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18
Q

What branches of VII carry parasympathetics?

A

greater petrosal
articulotemporal
chorda tympani

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19
Q

What glands do the parasympathetics of the Superior salivatory nucleus supply?

A 
(VII)
lacrimal
submandibular
sublingual
nasal
palatine
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20
Q

What glands do the parasympathetics of the inferior salivatory nucleus supply?

A

(IX)

parotid

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21
Q

What gland is not supplied by VII?

A

parotid

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22
Q

At what ganglia do the parasympathetics of VII pass?

A

pterygopalatine
submandibular
geniculate of VII

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23
Q

At what ganglia do the parasympathetics of III pass?

A

ciliary

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24
Q

At what ganglia do the parasympathetics of IX pass?

A

otic

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25
Q

What CN synapses at more than 1 ganglion?

A

VII

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26
Q

How many ganglia does VII synapse at?

A

3

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27
Q

What does the parasympathetics of the edinger-westphal nucleus supply?

A

sphincer pupillae

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28
Q

What nerves synapse at the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

Vb

VII

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29
Q

What nerves synapse at the otic ganglion?

A

VII

IX

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30
Q

What nerves synapse at the geniculate ganglion?

A

VII

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31
Q

What nerves synapse at the submandibular ganglion?

A

Vc

VII

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32
Q

The parasympathetics of VII run with which branch(es) of the trigeminal?

A

Va
Vb
Vc

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33
Q

The parasympathetics of what CN travel with all branches of the trigeminal?

A

VII

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34
Q

What branch of the trigeminal goes to the lacrimal gland

A

Va, Vb

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35
Q

What branch of the trigeminal goes to the submandibular and sublingual gland?

A

Vc

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36
Q

What branch of the trigeminal goes to the sphincter pupilae?

A

Va

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37
Q

The nervous intermedius is a branch of what CN?

A

VII

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38
Q

What nerve passes through the pterygoid canal?

A

greater petrosal

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39
Q

What is the name of the fissure through which the chorda tympani passes?

A

tympanic membrane

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40
Q

What nerve passes through the tympanic membrane?

A

Chorda tympani

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41
Q

Where is the tympanic membrane located?

A

In the ear

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42
Q

What CN nerves pass through the tympanic plexus?

A

VII

IX

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43
Q

What nerve(s) passes through the jugular foreamen?

A

XI
X
IX

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44
Q

All parasympathetics go to glands except the parasympathetics of which CN? what does it supply?

A

III

sphincter pupillae

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45
Q

The parasympathetics of the CN which leaves the superior orbital fissure supplies what structure?

A

sphincter pupillae

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46
Q

The parasympathetics of the CN which leaves the IAM supplies what structure(s)?

A 
lacrimal
submandibular
sublingual
nasal
palatine
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47
Q

The parasympathetics of the CN which leaves the petrotympanic fissure supplies what structure(s)?

A

submandibular

sublingual

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48
Q

The parasympathetics of the CN which leaves the jugular foreamen supplies what structure(s)?

A

parotid gland

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49
Q

What non-parasympathetic nerves leave the IAM?

A

motor root of VII

VIII

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50
Q

What foreamen does the VII leave through?

A

stylomastoid foreamen

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51
Q

Which gland receives supply from more than one branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

lacrimal

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52
Q

Where is the edinger-westphal nucleus found?

A

midbrain

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53
Q

What CN leaves the dorsal motor nucleus?

A

X

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54
Q

What nucleus does CN X leave?

A

dorsal motor

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55
Q

What does CN IX innervate (beside parasympathetics)?

A

carotid bodies

stylopharyngeus muscke

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56
Q

What does CN X innervate?

A

heart
lungs
foregut
midgut

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57
Q

What does CN VII innervate (beside parasympathetics)?

A

muscles of pinna and occipitalis
stylohyoid
posterior belly of digastric
muscles of facial expression

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58
Q

What are the branches of VII after it passes the parotid gland?

A 
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
marginal mandibular
cervical
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59
Q

What nerve merges with the greater petrosal nerve?

A

deep petrosal nerve

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60
Q

What nerve merges with the deep petrosal nerve?

A

greater petrosal nerve

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61
Q

How many taste pathways are there?

A

4

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62
Q

What CN has more than 1 taste pathway?

A

VII

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63
Q

How many taste pathways does VII have?

A

2

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64
Q

What CN are involved in the taste pathways?

A

VII
IX
X

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65
Q

Where do the taste pathways originate in the brain?

A

nucleus of solitary tract of brainstem

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66
Q

What ganglia have taste pathways which pass through them?

A

geniculate of VII
sensory of IX
sensory of X

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67
Q

The taste pathways of what nerve(s) passes through the jugular foreamen?

A

IX

X

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68
Q

The taste pathways of what nerve(s) passes through the IAM?

A

VII (the 2 of them)

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69
Q

What structure(s) does the taste pathway of VII supply?

A

palate

anterior tongue

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70
Q

What structure(s) does the taste pathway of IX supply?

A

Posterior tongue

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71
Q

What structure(s) does the taste pathway of X supply?

A

Pharynx

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72
Q

The taste pathway(s) which passes through the jugular foreamen goes to what structure(s)?

A

Posterior tongue

Pharynx

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73
Q

The taste pathway(s) which passes through the IAM goes to what structure(s)?

A

palate

anterior tongue

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74
Q

The taste pathway of what CN supplies the palate?

A

VII

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75
Q

The taste pathway of what CN supplies the anterior tongue?

A

VII

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76
Q

The taste pathway of what CN supplies the Pharynx?

A

X

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77
Q

The taste pathway of what CN supplies the Posterior tongue?

A

IX

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78
Q

What CN carries parasympathetics with the trigeminal nerve but not a taste pathway?

A

III

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79
Q

What CN has a taste pathway but does not supply parasympathetics to the trigeminal nerve?

A

X

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80
Q

What nerve(s) passes through the foreamen ovale?

A

Vc

lesser petrosal

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81
Q

What foreamen does the lesser petrosal nerve pass through?

A

Foreamen ovale

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82
Q

What nerve(s) passes through the foreamen rotundum?

A

Vb

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83
Q

The taste pathway of what CN passes the tympanic plexus?

A

VII

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84
Q

What gland(s) receives both parasympathetics and a taste pathway?

A

Sublingual

submandibular

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85
Q

Which ganglion allows for the passage of more than 1 taste pathway?

A

genuiculate of VII

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86
Q

What is the nerve supply of pharyngeal arch 1?

A

Vc

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87
Q

What is the nerve supply of pharyngeal arch 2?

A

VII

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88
Q

What is the nerve supply of pharyngeal arch 3?

A

IX

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89
Q

What is the nerve supply of pharyngeal arch 4?

A

X - superior laryngeal

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90
Q

What is the nerve supply of pharyngeal arch 6?

A

X - recurrent laryngeal

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91
Q

What is the difference between the left and right recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

l - loops around aortic arch

r - look around common carotid artery

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92
Q

Vc is the supply for which pharyngeal arch?

A

1

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93
Q

VII is the supply for which pharyngeal arch?

A

2

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94
Q

IX is the supply for which pharyngeal arch?

A

3

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95
Q

X is the supply for which pharyngeal arch?

A

4 and 6

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96
Q

What skeletal structures are part of pharyngeal arch 1?

A 
Mandible
zygoma
spine of sphenoid
sphenomandibular ligament 
malleus 
incus
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97
Q

What skeletal structures are part of pharyngeal arch 2?

A

stylohyoid ligament
styloid process
stapes
lesser horn and upper part of hyoid bone

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98
Q

What skeletal structures are part of pharyngeal arch 3?

A

greater horn and lower part of hyoid bone

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99
Q

What skeletal structures are part of pharyngeal arch 4 and 6?

A

laryngeal cartilages

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100
Q

What nerve supplies Mandible?

A

Vc

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101
Q

What nerve supplies zygoma?

A

Vc

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102
Q

What nerve supplies spine of sphenoid?

A

Vc

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103
Q

What nerve supplies sphenomandibular ligament?

A

Vc

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104
Q

What nerve supplies malleus?

A

Vc

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105
Q

What nerve supplies incus?

A

Vc

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106
Q

What nerve supplies stylohyoid ligament?

A

VII

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107
Q

What nerve supplies styloid process?

A

VII

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108
Q

What nerve supplies stapes?

A

VII

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109
Q

What nerve supplies lesser horn and upper part of hyoid bone?

A

VII

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110
Q

What nerve supplies upper horn and lower body of hyoid?

A

IX

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111
Q

What nerve supplies laryngeal cartilages?

A

X

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112
Q

The mandible is a part of what pharyngeal arch?

A

1

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113
Q

The zygoma is a part of what pharyngeal arch?

A

1

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114
Q

The malleus is a part of what pharyngeal arch?

A

1

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115
Q

The incus is a part of what pharyngeal arch?

A

1

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116
Q

The spine of sphenoid is a part of what pharyngeal arch?

A

1

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117
Q

The sphenomandibular ligament is a part of what pharyngeal arch?

A

1

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118
Q

The stapes is a part of what pharyngeal arch?

A

2

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119
Q

The stylohyoid ligament is a part of what pharyngeal arch?

A

2

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120
Q

The styloid process is a part of what pharyngeal arch?

A

2

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121
Q

The greater horn and lower body of hyoid is a part of what pharyngeal arch?

A

3

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122
Q

The lesser horn and upper body of the hyoid is a part of what pharyngeal arch?

A

2

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123
Q

The laryngeal cartilages is a part of what pharyngeal arch?

A

4 and 6

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124
Q

What muscles are part of pharyngeal arch 1?

A 
mastication - temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoids
anterior belly of digastric
tensor tympani 
tensor palati 
mylohyoid
125
Q

What muscles are part of pharyngeal arch 2?

A

muscles of facial expression
posterior belly of digastric
stylohyoid
stapedius

126
Q

What muscles are part of pharyngeal arch 3?

A

stylopharyngeus

127
Q

What muscles are part of pharyngeal arch 4?

A

cricothyroid
levator palati
constrictors of pharynx

128
Q

What muscles are part of pharyngeal arch 6?

A

intrinsic muscles of the larynx

129
Q

What nerve supplies the following muscle?

temporalis

A

Vc

130
Q

What nerve supplies the following muscle?

masseter

A

Vc

131
Q

What nerve supplies the following muscle?

medial pterygoid

A

Vc

132
Q

What nerve supplies the following muscle?

lateral pterygoid

A

Vc

133
Q

What nerve supplies the following muscle?

anterior belly of digastric

A

Vc

134
Q

What nerve supplies the following muscle?

tensor tympani

A

Vc

135
Q

What nerve supplies the following muscle?

tensor palati

A

Vc

136
Q

What nerve supplies the following muscle?

muscles of facial expression

A

VII

137
Q

What nerve supplies the following muscle?

posterior belly of digastric

A

VII

138
Q

What nerve supplies the following muscle?

stylohyoid

A

VII

139
Q

What nerve supplies the following muscle?

stapedius

A

VII

140
Q

What nerve supplies the following muscle?

stylopharyngeus

A

IX

141
Q

What nerve supplies the following muscle?

intrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

X - recurrent laryngeal

142
Q

What nerve supplies the following muscle?

cricothyroid

A

X - superior laryngeal

143
Q

What nerve supplies the following muscle?

levator palati

A

X - superior laryngeal

144
Q

What nerve supplies the following muscle?

constrictors of pharynx

A

X - superior laryngeal

145
Q

What nerve supplies the following muscle?

mylohyoid

A

Vc

146
Q

What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
mylohyoid

A

1

147
Q

What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
temporalis

A

1

148
Q

What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
masseter

A

1

149
Q

What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
medial pterygoid

A

1

150
Q

What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
lateral pterygoid

A

1

151
Q

What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
anterior belly of digastric

A

1

152
Q

What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
tensor tympani

A

1

153
Q

What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
tensor palati

A

1

154
Q

What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
muscles of facial expression

A

2

155
Q

What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
posterior belly of digastric

A

2

156
Q

What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
stylohyoid

A

2

157
Q

What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
stapedius

A

2

158
Q

What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
stylopharyngeus muscle

A

3

159
Q

What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
cricothyroid

A

4

160
Q

What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
levator palati

A

4

161
Q

What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
Constrictors of pharynx

A

4

162
Q

What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
intrinsic muscles of larynx

A

6

163
Q

What is the artery of the pharyngeal arch 1?

A

maxillary (ECA)

164
Q

What is the artery of the pharyngeal arch 3?

A

common carotid

1st part of internal carotid

165
Q

What is the artery of the pharyngeal arch 4?

A

aortic arch

1st part of subclavian artery

166
Q

What is the artery of the pharyngeal arch 6?

A

ductus arteriosus

proximal right pulmonary artery

167
Q

What skeletal structures and muscles are supplied by the maxillary artery?

A 
8 muscles :
massseter
temporalis
medial and lateral pterygoid
anterior belly of digastric
tensor palati
tensor tympani
mylohyoid
structures:
spine of sphenoid
sphenomandibular ligament
malleus
mandible
incus
zygoma
168
Q

What skeletal structures and muscles are supplied by the common carotid artery?

A

muscles:
stylopharyngeal

structures:
greater horn and lower body of hyoid

169
Q

What skeletal structures and muscles are supplied by the 1st part of subclavian artery?

A

muscles:
cricothyroid
levator palati
constrictors of the pharynx

structures:
laryngeal cartilages

170
Q

What skeletal structures and muscles are supplied by the aortic arch?

A

muscles:
cricothyroid
levator palati
constrictors of the pharynx

structures:
laryngeal cartilages

171
Q

What skeletal structures and muscles are supplied by the 1st part internal carotid artery?

A

muscles:
stylopharyngeal

structures:
greater horn and lower body of hyoid

172
Q

What skeletal structures and muscles are supplied by the ductus arteriosus?

A

muscles:
intrinsic muscles of the larynx

structures:
laryngeal cartilages

173
Q

What skeletal structures and muscles are supplied by the proximal right pulmonary artery?

A

muscles:
intrinsic muscles of the larynx

structures:
laryngeal cartilages

174
Q

Blood supply of: massseter

A

maxillary

175
Q

Blood supply of: temporalis

A

maxillary

176
Q

Blood supply of: medial pterygoid

A

maxillary

177
Q

Blood supply of: lateral pterygoid

A

maxillary

178
Q

Blood supply of: mylohyiod

A

maxillary

179
Q

Blood supply of: anterior belly of digastric

A

maxillary

180
Q

Blood supply of: tensor palati

A

maxillary

181
Q

Blood supply of: tensor tympani

A

maxillary

182
Q

Blood supply of: spine of sphenoid

A

maxillary

183
Q

Blood supply of: sphenomandibular ligament

A

maxillary

184
Q

Blood supply of: malleus

A

maxillary

185
Q

Blood supply of: mandible

A

maxillary

186
Q

Blood supply of: zygoma

A

maxillary

187
Q

Blood supply of: incus

A

maxillary

188
Q

Blood supply of: greater horn and lower body of hyoid bone

A

common carotid

1st part of internal carotid

189
Q

Blood supply of: stylopharyngeyus muscle

A

common carotid

1st part of internal carotid

190
Q

Blood supply of: laryngeal cartilages

A

ductus arteriosus
proximal right pulmonary artery
aortic arch
1st part of subclavian

191
Q

Blood supply of: cricothyroid

A

aortic arch

1st part of subclavian

192
Q

Blood supply of: levator palati

A

aortic arch

1st part of subclavian

193
Q

Blood supply of: constrictors of pharynx

A

aortic arch

1st part of subclavian

194
Q

Blood supply of: intrinsic muscles of larynx

A

ductus arteriosus

proximal right pulmonary artery

195
Q

Which pharyngeal arch disappears on maturation of the fetus?

A

5th

196
Q

Which cleft remains and what does it form?

A

1st

EAM

197
Q

What does pouch 1 form?

A

eustacian tube

198
Q

What does pouch 2 form?

A

bed of paltine tonsil

199
Q

What does pouch 3 form?

A

thymus

inferior parathyroid

200
Q

What does pouch 4 form?

A

superior parathyroid

ultimobrachial body

201
Q

What pouch does the eustacian tube derive from?

A

1

202
Q

What pouch does the bed of palatine tonsils derive from?

A

2

203
Q

What pouch does the thymus derive from?

A

3

204
Q

What pouch does the inferior parathyroid derive from?

A

3

205
Q

What pouch does the superior parathyroid derive from?

A

4

206
Q

What pouch does the ultimobrachial body derive from?

A

4

207
Q

What pouch and cleft meet to form a structure in the ear? what is that structure?

A

1

tympanic membrane

208
Q

What nerves carry only sensory information?

A

I
II
VIII

209
Q

What nerves carry only motor information?

A 
III
IV
VI
XI
XII
210
Q

What nerves carry both sensory and motor information?

A

V
VII
IX
X

211
Q

Which division of the trigeminal is only sensory?

A

Va

Vb

212
Q

Which division of the trigeminal is both sensory and motor?

A

Vc

213
Q

Which nerves are cutaneous (tactile stimulation)

A

V

and some of X

214
Q

Which nerves are visceral (taste)?

A

VII
IX
X

215
Q

What nerves leave above the midbrain?

A

I

II

216
Q

What nerves leave above the pons?

A

III

IV

217
Q

What nerves leave the pons?

A

V
VI
VII
VIII

218
Q

What nerves leave the medulla?

A

IX
X
XI
XII

219
Q

What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?

I

A 
olfactory bulb (nucleus)
cerebral cortex
220
Q

What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?

II

A

optic chiasm

221
Q

What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?

III

A

interpeduncular fossa

222
Q

What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?

IV

A

back of brainstem

223
Q

What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?

V

A

side of pons

224
Q

What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?

VI

A

ponto-medullary junction

225
Q

What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?

VII

A

cerebropontine angle

226
Q

What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?

VIII

A

cerebropontine angle

227
Q

What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?

IX

A

Behind olives of medulla (lateral)

228
Q

What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?

X

A

Behind olives of medulla (lateral)

229
Q

What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?

XI

A

Behind olives of medulla (lateral)

230
Q

What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?

XII

A

Between pyramids and olives

231
Q

What nerves leave Behind olives of medulla (lateral)?

A

IX
X
XI

232
Q

What nerves leave the cerebropontine angle?

A

VII

VIII

233
Q

What nerves leave the ponto-medullary junction?

A

VI

234
Q

What nerves leave the olfactory bulb (nucleus)

cerebral cortex?

A

I

235
Q

What nerves leave the optic chiasm?

A

II

236
Q

What nerves leave the interpeduncular fossa?

A

III

237
Q

What nerves leave the back of brainstem?

A

IV

238
Q

What nerves leave the side of pons?

A

V

239
Q

What does this term mean?

general somatic sensory (general sensory)

A

general sensation to skin

240
Q

What does this term mean?

general visceral sensory (visceral sensory)

A

general sensation to viscera

241
Q

What does this term mean?

special somatic sensory

A

senses derived from ectoderm eg sight, sound, balance

242
Q

What does this term mean?

special visceral sensory

A

senses derived from endoderm eg. taste, smell

243
Q

What does this term mean?

general somatic motor (SM)

A

skeletal muscles

244
Q

What does this term mean?

general visceral motor (VM)

A

smooth muscles of gut and autonomic motor

245
Q

What does this term mean?

special visceral motor (brachial motor)

A

muscles derived from pharyngeal arches

246
Q

What nerves are Somatic motor?

A 
III
IV
VI
XII
XI (kinda)
247
Q

What nerves are visceral motor?

A

VII

X

248
Q

What nerves are SVS?

A

I
VII
IX

249
Q

What nerves are SSS?

A

II

VIII

250
Q

What nerves are brachial motor?

A 
V
VII
IX
X
XI
251
Q

What type of nerve is CN I?

A

Somatic motor

SVS

252
Q

What type of nerve is CN II?

A

SSS

253
Q

What type of nerve is CN III?

A

Somatic motor

254
Q

What type of nerve is CN IV?

A

Somatic motor

255
Q

What type of nerve is CN V?

A

brachial motor

256
Q

What type of nerve is CN VI?

A

Somatic motor

257
Q

What type of nerve is CN VII?

A

visceral motor
SVS
brachial motor

258
Q

What type of nerve is CN VIII?

A

SSS

259
Q

What type of nerve is CN IX?

A

SVS

brachial motor

260
Q

What type of nerve is CN X?

A

visceral motor

brachial motor

261
Q

What type of nerve is CN XI?

A

brachial motor

kinda somatic motor

262
Q

What type of nerve is CN XII?

A

Somatic motor

263
Q

What type of cells are in the upper nose?

A

bipolar cells

264
Q

Describe the passage of CN I.

A

through cribiform plate to olfactory bulb (synapses)

265
Q

What are the olfactory tracts composed of?

A

white matter

axons of mitral relay neurons called olfactory stria

266
Q

Where is the olfactory cortex?

A

mainly temporal lobe
piriform cortex
amygdala
entorhinal cortex

267
Q

What is the orbitofrontal cortex and what is its function?

A

output or final destination

ability to recognize different smells

268
Q

What does the light reflex test?

A

Pupil’s response to light

269
Q

What is a visual field?

A

total area for each eye where we can see images

270
Q

What stimulates the rods and cones of the retina? where is this stimuli passed?

A

light sensors

passed to bipolar sensory neurons then to ganglion cells

271
Q

Which cells in the retina directly interact with the optic nerve?

A

ganglion cells

272
Q

where do neurons in the optic nerve synapse?

A

lateral geniculate body

273
Q

Which lobe do the neurons involved in the visual pathway go to?

A

occipital

274
Q

What side correlates to the temporal field?

A

nasal

275
Q

What side correlates to the nasal field?

A

temporal

276
Q

What significant events occurs at the opitc chiasm?

A

crossing over of the nasal neurons

277
Q

Explain accommodation.

A

adaptation of the eye for looking at near objects
change in lens curvature (increases for nearby objects)
pupil constricts
convergence of eye

278
Q

What causes change in the curvature of the lens?

A

constriction of ciliary muscles –> relaxes suspensory ligament (usually tense to maintain flat lens).

279
Q

What nucleus of the brain allows for the constriction of the pupil? what muscle is involved?

A

edwinger-westphal nucleus

constrictor pupillae

280
Q

What causes the convergence of the eye?

A

medial constrictors contract causing the eye to move medially

281
Q

What muscle open the eyelid? What CN innervates it?

A

Levator palpebre superioris

III

282
Q

What are the extraocular muscles, what movements of the eye do they permit and what are they innervated by?

A

III:
superior and inferior rectus ( elevation/depression and in)
medial rectus (adduction)
inferior oblique ( up and out)

IV: superior oblique (down and out)

VI: lateral rectus (abduction)

283
Q

If CN III is compressed with uncal herniation, which pupil is affected?

A

unilateral dilation of the same side

284
Q

In testing the superior oblique muscle, what action should the eye undergo first?

A

adduction

285
Q

Which CN has the longest course?

A

VI

286
Q

What is strabismus?

A

misalignment of eye

287
Q

What is strabismus caused by?

A

muscle dysfunction
farsightedness
visual defect
central cause

288
Q

What is amblyopia?

A

decreased vision due to failure of neural pathway development

289
Q

Where are first order cell bodies of CN V found?

A

trigeminal ganglion at apex of petrous temporal bone

290
Q

Which nuclei is sensation from V referred?

A

trigeminal nuclei in brainstem to thalamus

291
Q

Compare an UMN and LMN lesion of VII.

A

LMN - total hemiface paralysis

UMN - Upper face is spared (contralateral)

292
Q

Give an example of facial nerve palsy. what type of lesion is it?

A

Bell’s Palsy

LMN

293
Q

What does the Vestibular part of CN VIII control?

A

balance

294
Q

Where is the vestibular nuclei? what are its connections?

A

floor of 4th ventricle

vestibulospinal tracts, ML fasiculas, Thalamus (VPN), cerebellum

295
Q

What does the cochlear part of CN VIII control?

A

hearing

296
Q

Where is the cochlear nuclei? what are its connections?

A

floor of 4th ventricle

medial geniculate body (thalamus), inferior colliculi

297
Q

The inferior colliculi is for ___A____ stimuli whereas the superior colliculi is for ___B____ stimuli.

A

A - auditory

B - visual

298
Q

What is the nucleus of IX?

A

Nucleus Ambiguus

299
Q

Which nerves go to the spinal trigeminal nucleus?

A

V
VII
IX
XI

300
Q

Describe the path of IX after leaving the jugular foremen.

A

descends anterolateral to internal carotid

enters neck between superior and middle constrictor of pharynx

301
Q

What nerve enters between the superior and middle constrictor of pharynx?

A

IX

302
Q

Branches of vagus nerve

A 
meningeal branch 
auricular
paryngeal 
superior laryngeal --> internal and external laryngeal
recurrent laryngeal
cardiac branch
303
Q

What nerve joins to X?

A

spinal XI continues shortly as cranial XI before merging with X

304
Q

Where does spinal XI enter and exit the brain?

A

foreamen magnum

jugular foreamen

305
Q

Where does XII exit the brain?

A

hypoglossal canal

in the neck, deep to posterior belly of digastric.

306
Q

What is pancoast’s tumour? What nerves may be damaged?

A

tumour at apex of lung

nerves positioned at first rib

307
Q

Symptom of Horner’s Syndrome

A

ipsilateral ptosis
miosis
facial anhidrosis (no innervation of sweat glands)

308
Q

What part of the spinal cord does sympathetic innervation come from?

A

grey matter of lateral horn

Finals (17 decks)

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