Bullshit Flashcards
The parasympathetics of CN III travels with what branch of the trigeminal nerve?
Ophthalmic
What cranial nerves travel with the branches of the trigeminal nerve?
III, VII, IX
Through what foreamen does the parasympathetics of III leave?
Superior Orbital Fissure
Through what foreamen does the parasympathetics of VII leave?
IAM
Through what foreamen does the parasympathetics of IX leave?
jugular foreamen
Which nucleus provides 2 parasympathetic pathways?
Superior salivatory nucleus
What nerve leaves the Superior salivatory nucleus?
VII
What nerve leaves the inferior salivatory nucleus?
IX
What nerve leaves the edinger-westphal nucleus?
III
What nucleus does cranial nerve III arise from?
edinger-westphal nucleus
What nucleus does cranial nerve VII arise from?
Superior salivatory nucleus
What nucleus does cranial nerve IX arise from?
inferior salivatory nucleus
What nucleus does cranial nerve X arise from?
dorsal motor nucleus
The greater petrosal nerve is a branch of what CN?
VII
The lesser petrosal nerve is a branch of what CN?
IX
The articulotemporal nerve is a branch of what CN?
VII
The chorda tympani nerve is a branch of what CN?
VII
What branches of VII carry parasympathetics?
greater petrosal
articulotemporal
chorda tympani
What glands do the parasympathetics of the Superior salivatory nucleus supply?
(VII) lacrimal submandibular sublingual nasal palatine
What glands do the parasympathetics of the inferior salivatory nucleus supply?
(IX)
parotid
What gland is not supplied by VII?
parotid
At what ganglia do the parasympathetics of VII pass?
pterygopalatine
submandibular
geniculate of VII
At what ganglia do the parasympathetics of III pass?
ciliary
At what ganglia do the parasympathetics of IX pass?
otic
What CN synapses at more than 1 ganglion?
VII
How many ganglia does VII synapse at?
3
What does the parasympathetics of the edinger-westphal nucleus supply?
sphincer pupillae
What nerves synapse at the pterygopalatine ganglion?
Vb
VII
What nerves synapse at the otic ganglion?
VII
IX
What nerves synapse at the geniculate ganglion?
VII
What nerves synapse at the submandibular ganglion?
Vc
VII
The parasympathetics of VII run with which branch(es) of the trigeminal?
Va
Vb
Vc
The parasympathetics of what CN travel with all branches of the trigeminal?
VII
What branch of the trigeminal goes to the lacrimal gland
Va, Vb
What branch of the trigeminal goes to the submandibular and sublingual gland?
Vc
What branch of the trigeminal goes to the sphincter pupilae?
Va
The nervous intermedius is a branch of what CN?
VII
What nerve passes through the pterygoid canal?
greater petrosal
What is the name of the fissure through which the chorda tympani passes?
tympanic membrane
What nerve passes through the tympanic membrane?
Chorda tympani
Where is the tympanic membrane located?
In the ear
What CN nerves pass through the tympanic plexus?
VII
IX
What nerve(s) passes through the jugular foreamen?
XI
X
IX
All parasympathetics go to glands except the parasympathetics of which CN? what does it supply?
III
sphincter pupillae
The parasympathetics of the CN which leaves the superior orbital fissure supplies what structure?
sphincter pupillae
The parasympathetics of the CN which leaves the IAM supplies what structure(s)?
lacrimal submandibular sublingual nasal palatine
The parasympathetics of the CN which leaves the petrotympanic fissure supplies what structure(s)?
submandibular
sublingual
The parasympathetics of the CN which leaves the jugular foreamen supplies what structure(s)?
parotid gland
What non-parasympathetic nerves leave the IAM?
motor root of VII
VIII
What foreamen does the VII leave through?
stylomastoid foreamen
Which gland receives supply from more than one branch of the trigeminal nerve?
lacrimal
Where is the edinger-westphal nucleus found?
midbrain
What CN leaves the dorsal motor nucleus?
X
What nucleus does CN X leave?
dorsal motor
What does CN IX innervate (beside parasympathetics)?
carotid bodies
stylopharyngeus muscke
What does CN X innervate?
heart
lungs
foregut
midgut
What does CN VII innervate (beside parasympathetics)?
muscles of pinna and occipitalis
stylohyoid
posterior belly of digastric
muscles of facial expression
What are the branches of VII after it passes the parotid gland?
temporal zygomatic buccal marginal mandibular cervical
What nerve merges with the greater petrosal nerve?
deep petrosal nerve
What nerve merges with the deep petrosal nerve?
greater petrosal nerve
How many taste pathways are there?
4
What CN has more than 1 taste pathway?
VII
How many taste pathways does VII have?
2
What CN are involved in the taste pathways?
VII
IX
X
Where do the taste pathways originate in the brain?
nucleus of solitary tract of brainstem
What ganglia have taste pathways which pass through them?
geniculate of VII
sensory of IX
sensory of X
The taste pathways of what nerve(s) passes through the jugular foreamen?
IX
X
The taste pathways of what nerve(s) passes through the IAM?
VII (the 2 of them)
What structure(s) does the taste pathway of VII supply?
palate
anterior tongue
What structure(s) does the taste pathway of IX supply?
Posterior tongue
What structure(s) does the taste pathway of X supply?
Pharynx
The taste pathway(s) which passes through the jugular foreamen goes to what structure(s)?
Posterior tongue
Pharynx
The taste pathway(s) which passes through the IAM goes to what structure(s)?
palate
anterior tongue
The taste pathway of what CN supplies the palate?
VII
The taste pathway of what CN supplies the anterior tongue?
VII
The taste pathway of what CN supplies the Pharynx?
X
The taste pathway of what CN supplies the Posterior tongue?
IX
What CN carries parasympathetics with the trigeminal nerve but not a taste pathway?
III
What CN has a taste pathway but does not supply parasympathetics to the trigeminal nerve?
X
What nerve(s) passes through the foreamen ovale?
Vc
lesser petrosal
What foreamen does the lesser petrosal nerve pass through?
Foreamen ovale
What nerve(s) passes through the foreamen rotundum?
Vb
The taste pathway of what CN passes the tympanic plexus?
VII
What gland(s) receives both parasympathetics and a taste pathway?
Sublingual
submandibular
Which ganglion allows for the passage of more than 1 taste pathway?
genuiculate of VII
What is the nerve supply of pharyngeal arch 1?
Vc
What is the nerve supply of pharyngeal arch 2?
VII
What is the nerve supply of pharyngeal arch 3?
IX
What is the nerve supply of pharyngeal arch 4?
X - superior laryngeal
What is the nerve supply of pharyngeal arch 6?
X - recurrent laryngeal
What is the difference between the left and right recurrent laryngeal nerve?
l - loops around aortic arch
r - look around common carotid artery
Vc is the supply for which pharyngeal arch?
1
VII is the supply for which pharyngeal arch?
2
IX is the supply for which pharyngeal arch?
3
X is the supply for which pharyngeal arch?
4 and 6
What skeletal structures are part of pharyngeal arch 1?
Mandible zygoma spine of sphenoid sphenomandibular ligament malleus incus
What skeletal structures are part of pharyngeal arch 2?
stylohyoid ligament
styloid process
stapes
lesser horn and upper part of hyoid bone
What skeletal structures are part of pharyngeal arch 3?
greater horn and lower part of hyoid bone
What skeletal structures are part of pharyngeal arch 4 and 6?
laryngeal cartilages
What nerve supplies Mandible?
Vc
What nerve supplies zygoma?
Vc
What nerve supplies spine of sphenoid?
Vc
What nerve supplies sphenomandibular ligament?
Vc
What nerve supplies malleus?
Vc
What nerve supplies incus?
Vc
What nerve supplies stylohyoid ligament?
VII
What nerve supplies styloid process?
VII
What nerve supplies stapes?
VII
What nerve supplies lesser horn and upper part of hyoid bone?
VII
What nerve supplies upper horn and lower body of hyoid?
IX
What nerve supplies laryngeal cartilages?
X
The mandible is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
1
The zygoma is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
1
The malleus is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
1
The incus is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
1
The spine of sphenoid is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
1
The sphenomandibular ligament is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
1
The stapes is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
2
The stylohyoid ligament is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
2
The styloid process is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
2
The greater horn and lower body of hyoid is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
3
The lesser horn and upper body of the hyoid is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
2
The laryngeal cartilages is a part of what pharyngeal arch?
4 and 6
What muscles are part of pharyngeal arch 1?
mastication - temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoids anterior belly of digastric tensor tympani tensor palati mylohyoid
What muscles are part of pharyngeal arch 2?
muscles of facial expression
posterior belly of digastric
stylohyoid
stapedius
What muscles are part of pharyngeal arch 3?
stylopharyngeus
What muscles are part of pharyngeal arch 4?
cricothyroid
levator palati
constrictors of pharynx
What muscles are part of pharyngeal arch 6?
intrinsic muscles of the larynx
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
temporalis
Vc
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
masseter
Vc
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
medial pterygoid
Vc
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
lateral pterygoid
Vc
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
anterior belly of digastric
Vc
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
tensor tympani
Vc
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
tensor palati
Vc
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
muscles of facial expression
VII
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
posterior belly of digastric
VII
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
stylohyoid
VII
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
stapedius
VII
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
stylopharyngeus
IX
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
intrinsic muscles of the larynx
X - recurrent laryngeal
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
cricothyroid
X - superior laryngeal
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
levator palati
X - superior laryngeal
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
constrictors of pharynx
X - superior laryngeal
What nerve supplies the following muscle?
mylohyoid
Vc
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
mylohyoid
1
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
temporalis
1
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
masseter
1
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
medial pterygoid
1
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
lateral pterygoid
1
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
anterior belly of digastric
1
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
tensor tympani
1
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
tensor palati
1
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
muscles of facial expression
2
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
posterior belly of digastric
2
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
stylohyoid
2
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
stapedius
2
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
stylopharyngeus muscle
3
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
cricothyroid
4
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
levator palati
4
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
Constrictors of pharynx
4
What pharyngeal plexus does the following muscle derive from?
intrinsic muscles of larynx
6
What is the artery of the pharyngeal arch 1?
maxillary (ECA)
What is the artery of the pharyngeal arch 3?
common carotid
1st part of internal carotid
What is the artery of the pharyngeal arch 4?
aortic arch
1st part of subclavian artery
What is the artery of the pharyngeal arch 6?
ductus arteriosus
proximal right pulmonary artery
What skeletal structures and muscles are supplied by the maxillary artery?
8 muscles : massseter temporalis medial and lateral pterygoid anterior belly of digastric tensor palati tensor tympani mylohyoid
structures: spine of sphenoid sphenomandibular ligament malleus mandible incus zygoma
What skeletal structures and muscles are supplied by the common carotid artery?
muscles:
stylopharyngeal
structures:
greater horn and lower body of hyoid
What skeletal structures and muscles are supplied by the 1st part of subclavian artery?
muscles:
cricothyroid
levator palati
constrictors of the pharynx
structures:
laryngeal cartilages
What skeletal structures and muscles are supplied by the aortic arch?
muscles:
cricothyroid
levator palati
constrictors of the pharynx
structures:
laryngeal cartilages
What skeletal structures and muscles are supplied by the 1st part internal carotid artery?
muscles:
stylopharyngeal
structures:
greater horn and lower body of hyoid
What skeletal structures and muscles are supplied by the ductus arteriosus?
muscles:
intrinsic muscles of the larynx
structures:
laryngeal cartilages
What skeletal structures and muscles are supplied by the proximal right pulmonary artery?
muscles:
intrinsic muscles of the larynx
structures:
laryngeal cartilages
Blood supply of: massseter
maxillary
Blood supply of: temporalis
maxillary
Blood supply of: medial pterygoid
maxillary
Blood supply of: lateral pterygoid
maxillary
Blood supply of: mylohyiod
maxillary
Blood supply of: anterior belly of digastric
maxillary
Blood supply of: tensor palati
maxillary
Blood supply of: tensor tympani
maxillary
Blood supply of: spine of sphenoid
maxillary
Blood supply of: sphenomandibular ligament
maxillary
Blood supply of: malleus
maxillary
Blood supply of: mandible
maxillary
Blood supply of: zygoma
maxillary
Blood supply of: incus
maxillary
Blood supply of: greater horn and lower body of hyoid bone
common carotid
1st part of internal carotid
Blood supply of: stylopharyngeyus muscle
common carotid
1st part of internal carotid
Blood supply of: laryngeal cartilages
ductus arteriosus
proximal right pulmonary artery
aortic arch
1st part of subclavian
Blood supply of: cricothyroid
aortic arch
1st part of subclavian
Blood supply of: levator palati
aortic arch
1st part of subclavian
Blood supply of: constrictors of pharynx
aortic arch
1st part of subclavian
Blood supply of: intrinsic muscles of larynx
ductus arteriosus
proximal right pulmonary artery
Which pharyngeal arch disappears on maturation of the fetus?
5th
Which cleft remains and what does it form?
1st
EAM
What does pouch 1 form?
eustacian tube
What does pouch 2 form?
bed of paltine tonsil
What does pouch 3 form?
thymus
inferior parathyroid
What does pouch 4 form?
superior parathyroid
ultimobrachial body
What pouch does the eustacian tube derive from?
1
What pouch does the bed of palatine tonsils derive from?
2
What pouch does the thymus derive from?
3
What pouch does the inferior parathyroid derive from?
3
What pouch does the superior parathyroid derive from?
4
What pouch does the ultimobrachial body derive from?
4
What pouch and cleft meet to form a structure in the ear? what is that structure?
1
tympanic membrane
What nerves carry only sensory information?
I
II
VIII
What nerves carry only motor information?
III IV VI XI XII
What nerves carry both sensory and motor information?
V
VII
IX
X
Which division of the trigeminal is only sensory?
Va
Vb
Which division of the trigeminal is both sensory and motor?
Vc
Which nerves are cutaneous (tactile stimulation)
V
and some of X
Which nerves are visceral (taste)?
VII
IX
X
What nerves leave above the midbrain?
I
II
What nerves leave above the pons?
III
IV
What nerves leave the pons?
V
VI
VII
VIII
What nerves leave the medulla?
IX
X
XI
XII
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
I
olfactory bulb (nucleus) cerebral cortex
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
II
optic chiasm
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
III
interpeduncular fossa
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
IV
back of brainstem
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
V
side of pons
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
VI
ponto-medullary junction
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
VII
cerebropontine angle
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
VIII
cerebropontine angle
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
IX
Behind olives of medulla (lateral)
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
X
Behind olives of medulla (lateral)
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
XI
Behind olives of medulla (lateral)
What is the brain attachment of the following nerve?
XII
Between pyramids and olives
What nerves leave Behind olives of medulla (lateral)?
IX
X
XI
What nerves leave the cerebropontine angle?
VII
VIII
What nerves leave the ponto-medullary junction?
VI
What nerves leave the olfactory bulb (nucleus)
cerebral cortex?
I
What nerves leave the optic chiasm?
II
What nerves leave the interpeduncular fossa?
III
What nerves leave the back of brainstem?
IV
What nerves leave the side of pons?
V
What does this term mean?
general somatic sensory (general sensory)
general sensation to skin
What does this term mean?
general visceral sensory (visceral sensory)
general sensation to viscera
What does this term mean?
special somatic sensory
senses derived from ectoderm eg sight, sound, balance
What does this term mean?
special visceral sensory
senses derived from endoderm eg. taste, smell
What does this term mean?
general somatic motor (SM)
skeletal muscles
What does this term mean?
general visceral motor (VM)
smooth muscles of gut and autonomic motor
What does this term mean?
special visceral motor (brachial motor)
muscles derived from pharyngeal arches
What nerves are Somatic motor?
III IV VI XII XI (kinda)
What nerves are visceral motor?
VII
X
What nerves are SVS?
I
VII
IX
What nerves are SSS?
II
VIII
What nerves are brachial motor?
V VII IX X XI
What type of nerve is CN I?
Somatic motor
SVS
What type of nerve is CN II?
SSS
What type of nerve is CN III?
Somatic motor
What type of nerve is CN IV?
Somatic motor
What type of nerve is CN V?
brachial motor
What type of nerve is CN VI?
Somatic motor
What type of nerve is CN VII?
visceral motor
SVS
brachial motor
What type of nerve is CN VIII?
SSS
What type of nerve is CN IX?
SVS
brachial motor
What type of nerve is CN X?
visceral motor
brachial motor
What type of nerve is CN XI?
brachial motor
kinda somatic motor
What type of nerve is CN XII?
Somatic motor
What type of cells are in the upper nose?
bipolar cells
Describe the passage of CN I.
through cribiform plate to olfactory bulb (synapses)
What are the olfactory tracts composed of?
white matter
axons of mitral relay neurons called olfactory stria
Where is the olfactory cortex?
mainly temporal lobe
piriform cortex
amygdala
entorhinal cortex
What is the orbitofrontal cortex and what is its function?
output or final destination
ability to recognize different smells
What does the light reflex test?
Pupil’s response to light
What is a visual field?
total area for each eye where we can see images
What stimulates the rods and cones of the retina? where is this stimuli passed?
light sensors
passed to bipolar sensory neurons then to ganglion cells
Which cells in the retina directly interact with the optic nerve?
ganglion cells
where do neurons in the optic nerve synapse?
lateral geniculate body
Which lobe do the neurons involved in the visual pathway go to?
occipital
What side correlates to the temporal field?
nasal
What side correlates to the nasal field?
temporal
What significant events occurs at the opitc chiasm?
crossing over of the nasal neurons
Explain accommodation.
adaptation of the eye for looking at near objects
change in lens curvature (increases for nearby objects)
pupil constricts
convergence of eye
What causes change in the curvature of the lens?
constriction of ciliary muscles –> relaxes suspensory ligament (usually tense to maintain flat lens).
What nucleus of the brain allows for the constriction of the pupil? what muscle is involved?
edwinger-westphal nucleus
constrictor pupillae
What causes the convergence of the eye?
medial constrictors contract causing the eye to move medially
What muscle open the eyelid? What CN innervates it?
Levator palpebre superioris
III
What are the extraocular muscles, what movements of the eye do they permit and what are they innervated by?
III:
superior and inferior rectus ( elevation/depression and in)
medial rectus (adduction)
inferior oblique ( up and out)
IV: superior oblique (down and out)
VI: lateral rectus (abduction)
If CN III is compressed with uncal herniation, which pupil is affected?
unilateral dilation of the same side
In testing the superior oblique muscle, what action should the eye undergo first?
adduction
Which CN has the longest course?
VI
What is strabismus?
misalignment of eye
What is strabismus caused by?
muscle dysfunction
farsightedness
visual defect
central cause
What is amblyopia?
decreased vision due to failure of neural pathway development
Where are first order cell bodies of CN V found?
trigeminal ganglion at apex of petrous temporal bone
Which nuclei is sensation from V referred?
trigeminal nuclei in brainstem to thalamus
Compare an UMN and LMN lesion of VII.
LMN - total hemiface paralysis
UMN - Upper face is spared (contralateral)
Give an example of facial nerve palsy. what type of lesion is it?
Bell’s Palsy
LMN
What does the Vestibular part of CN VIII control?
balance
Where is the vestibular nuclei? what are its connections?
floor of 4th ventricle
vestibulospinal tracts, ML fasiculas, Thalamus (VPN), cerebellum
What does the cochlear part of CN VIII control?
hearing
Where is the cochlear nuclei? what are its connections?
floor of 4th ventricle
medial geniculate body (thalamus), inferior colliculi
The inferior colliculi is for ___A____ stimuli whereas the superior colliculi is for ___B____ stimuli.
A - auditory
B - visual
What is the nucleus of IX?
Nucleus Ambiguus
Which nerves go to the spinal trigeminal nucleus?
V
VII
IX
XI
Describe the path of IX after leaving the jugular foremen.
descends anterolateral to internal carotid
enters neck between superior and middle constrictor of pharynx
What nerve enters between the superior and middle constrictor of pharynx?
IX
Branches of vagus nerve
meningeal branch auricular paryngeal superior laryngeal --> internal and external laryngeal recurrent laryngeal cardiac branch
What nerve joins to X?
spinal XI continues shortly as cranial XI before merging with X
Where does spinal XI enter and exit the brain?
foreamen magnum
jugular foreamen
Where does XII exit the brain?
hypoglossal canal
in the neck, deep to posterior belly of digastric.
What is pancoast’s tumour? What nerves may be damaged?
tumour at apex of lung
nerves positioned at first rib
Symptom of Horner’s Syndrome
ipsilateral ptosis
miosis
facial anhidrosis (no innervation of sweat glands)
What part of the spinal cord does sympathetic innervation come from?
grey matter of lateral horn
