FIIS Drugs Flashcards
palivizumab (synagis) - humanised alpha RSV Mab
- prevent infection (anti-fusion)
- help fight if already infected (neutralising activity)
Anti-D (RhD) Ig
- autoimmune thrombocytopenia patients
- ‘decoy’ to prevent haemolytic disease of newborn (Rh compatibility)
Anti thymocyte globulin (ATG)
- deplete T cells and prevent organ rejection post-transplant
- in moderate/severe cases of aplastic anemia
Gefitinib
targets EGFR receptor
lung cancer
Cetuximab
targets EGFR receptor
colorectal, head and neck cancer
Trastuzumab
targets HER2 receptor
breast and gastric cancer
Pertuzumab
targets HER2 and 3 receptors
breast cancer
Bevacizumab
targets VEGF ligand and prevents binding to receptor
Brain Cancer
Basiliximab
Anti IL-2
transplantation prophylaxis
Remicade/ Infliximab
Anti TNF alpha
RA and Crohn’s Disease
NSAID
inhibits COX (and PG) production –> treats inflammation
- anti-inflammatory
- analgesic
- Antipyretic
Anti-leukotrienes used for…
asthma
Zileuton
inhibition of leukotriene synthesis
Montelukast
Inhibition of leukotriene receptor
1st generation antihistamine - Diphenhydramine
- crosses BBB
- antimuscarinic activity
- used for migraines and motion sickness
2nd generation - Cetirizine, Loratadine
does not cross BBB
side effects - fever and sometimes arrhythmias
Adrenaline
increase G+HR and vasoconstriction immediately
resolves all effects of histamine
management of anaphylaxis
Anti-IgE - Omalizumab
prevents binding of immune complex to mast cells
used prophylactically
Triptan - Frovatriptan
serotonin agonist
targets inflammation
anti-migraine therapy
Erenumab
targets CGRP
anti-migraine therapy
colchicine
gout Tx
prevents crystal related inflammation
interferes with neutrophil fxn and blocks cellular responses to crystal
toxicity (not first line Tx)
Allopurinol
chronic gout Tx
xanthine-oxidase inhibitor
decreases urate synthesis
Probenecid/ Rasburicase
gout Tx
increases urate excretion
Alkylators - cyclophosphamide
immunosuppressive
- causes absolute thrombocytopenia with decreased granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes
- inhibits NK cells
- causes alopecia (hair loss), nausea
- <100mg/mˆ2 targets B cells
- <600mg/mˆ2 spares CD4+ T cells
Anti-folate - Methotrexate
immunosuppressive
- interfering with dihydrofolate reductase (used for DNA synthesis)
- inhibits B and T cell replication
- used in RA and psoriasis
- used in combination with cyclosporine to prevent GvHD
Mitoxantrone
immunosuppressive
- anti-cancer agent for MS (last resort)
- inhibits topoisomerase II by intercalating into DNA
- serious toxicity (cardiotoxicity)
Abx - Doxorubicin
immunosuppressive
anthracycline Abx
- inhibits B-cell fxn (more than T cell) and does NOT inhibit macrophages and NK cells by intercalating into DNA
- can cause cardiomyopathy
Abx - Daunorubicin
immunosuppressive
- DOES inhibit macrophage fxn
Purine Analogs - Azathioprine
immunosuppressive
- metabolised to mercaptopurine
- inhibits DNA synthesis –> inhibits B and T cells
- NO effect on NK cells
- DOES inhibit phagocytic cells
- causes monocytopenia
- used with prednisone to prevent transplant rejection
Mycophenolate Mofetil
immunosuppressive and anti-proliferative
- converted to active metabolic mycophenolic acid
- inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase –> inhibits guanine nucleotide synthesis
- more potent against IMPDH type II in lymphocytes
- used in renal transplants as prophylaxis with calcineurin inhibitors
Cladribine
immunosuppressive
- orally active adenosine analogue
- inhibits adenosine deaminase
- approved Tx for Hairy cell leukemia
- last resort for MS
Leflunomide
immunosuppressive
- inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) –> inhibits de novo pyrimidine synthesis
- inhibits B and T cells
- used for RA
- side effects - mild GI disturbance
Teriflunomide
immunosuppressive
- active metabolite of leflunomide
- Tx for MS
