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Anatomy > REB 31. Perineum, Pouches, Penis, Urethra, Vulva > Flashcards

REB 31. Perineum, Pouches, Penis, Urethra, Vulva Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anatomical position of the pelvis?

A

the ASIS and the pubic tubercle are in line with each other and the ground

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2
Q

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

synovial joint

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3
Q

Where is the false pelvis located?

A
  • superior to pelvic brin

- considered part of abdominal cavity

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4
Q

Where is the true pelvis located?

A
  • inferior to pelvic brim

- the floor is the levator ani muscle

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5
Q

Where is the perineum located?

A

it is inferior to the levator ani muscle

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6
Q

What are the boundaries of the perineum?

A

[1] pubic symphysis
[2] ischiopubic ramus
[3] sacrotuberous ligament
[4] coccyx

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7
Q

What is the perineal membrane?

A
  • it is a thin layer of dense fascia
  • separates the urogenital triangle and anal triangle
  • it runs between the ischiopubic rami
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8
Q

What is the external urethral orifice?

A
  • it is between the vaginal orifice and clitoris

- it is where urine comes out of

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9
Q

About how long is the female urethra?

A

3 to 4 cm

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10
Q

What type of muscle is the internal urethral sphincter made up of in females?

A
  • the detrusor muscle thickens
  • it is smooth muscle
  • under involuntary control
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11
Q

What type of muscle is the external urethral sphincter made up of in females?

A
  • skeletal muscle

- it is under voluntary control

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12
Q

How many layers is the female urethra internal sphincter made up of?

A

it is made up of 4 layers which porbably contributes to closure

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13
Q

Explain and describe the parts of the perineum. (pouches and layers)

A 
[1] Deep Perineal Pouch
- lies below thin layer of pelvic fascia
- lies above thick perineal membrane 
[2] Superficial Perineal Pouch
- lies below thick perineal membrane 
[3] Thin Layer of Pelvic Fascia
[4] Thick Perineal Membrane
[5] Superficial Perineal Membrane
- Colle's Fascia which is a continuation of Scarpa's fascia
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14
Q

What are the layers of the Urogenital diaphragm? [3]

A

[1] Superior (or Deep) Layer
- thin layer of pelvic fascia (fascia on undersurface of levator ani)

[2] Middle Layer

  • Deep Perineal Pouch
  • — muscles, neurovascular etc.

[3] Inferior (of Superficial) Layer
- Perineal Membrane

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15
Q

What are the muscles of the deep perineal pouch in males?

A

[1] External Urethral Sphincter

[2] Deep Transverse Perinei

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16
Q

What are the muscles of the deep perineal pouch in females?

A

[1] External Urethral Sphincter
[2] Deep Transverse Perinei
[3] Sphincter Urethrovaginalis

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17
Q

What is the most important muscle of the deep perineal pouch?

A

External Urethral Sphincter

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18
Q

What is the Central Perineal Tendon? Where is it located?

A
  • fibromuscular node

- located in the midline, at thhe junction of urogenital + anal triangles

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19
Q

What are the main muscle attachments to the perineal body? [3]

A

[1] Levator Ani
[2] External Anal Sphincter
[3] Sphincter Urethrae

  • important for fecal continence
  • damage may result in incontinence and prolapse
  • may be damaged during childbirth or trauma
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20
Q

What are the contents (other than the muscles) of the deep perineal pouch?

A

[1] Pudendal Nerve
[2] Internal Pudendal Artery (+ Vein)
——-
[3] Bulbourethral Glands (of Cowper) in the Male

21
Q

What is Alcock’s Canal?

A

is an anatomical structure in the pelvis through which the internal pudendal artery, internal pudendal veins, and the pudendal nerve pass

VAN

22
Q

Where is the superficial perineal pouch located?

A
  • it is located inferior to the perineal membrane

they are components of the external genitalia basically

23
Q

What is the superficial perineal fascia made up of?

A

It is made up of Colle’s Fascia

  • it lies just beneath the skin of the perineum
  • it is continuous with Scarpa’s fascia (which lines the ant. abdominal wall)
24
Q

What is the root of the external genitalia, the penis?

A

[1] crus

[2] bulb

25
Q

What does the crus become as you progress down the penis?

A

the crus becomes the corpus cavernosum (2x)

- it is surrounded by the ischiocavernosus muscle

26
Q

What does the bulb become as you progress down the penis?

A

the bulb becomes the corpus spongiosum

- it is surrounded by the bulbospongiosus muscle

27
Q

What is Buck’s Fascia?

A
  • is a layer of deep fascia covering the three erectile bodies of the penis
  • the 3 parts are:
    [a] corpus spongiosum containing urethra
    [b] corpora cavernosa (x2)
28
Q

What is the glans penis?

A
  • it is the rounded head/tip of the penis
29
Q

What is the blood supply of the penis?

A

Penile Artery is a branch of the Internal Pudendal Artery

It is made up of 3 branches:
[1] Bulbourethral Artery
[2] Dorsal Artery
[3] Cavernosal Artery
* diff names - refer to slide 27
30
Q

What is the dorsal nerve?

A

it supplies the penis

31
Q

What are the neurovasculature structures that are present in the penis?

A

[1] Superficial + Deep Dorsal Vein

[2] Dorsal Artery

[3] Dorsal Nerve

32
Q

During an erection, the corpora cavernosa fills up with blood and….?

A

it may occlude the veins to maintain the pressure in the phallus

33
Q

Where are the deep arteries in the penis located?

A

it is located in the corpora cavernosa (therefore, there are 2 arteries)

34
Q

What are the penile arteries? [3]

A

they are ALL from the PUDENDAL ARTERY (INTERNAL ILIAC)

[1] Artery to Bulb - Corpus Spongiosum
[2] Deep Artery - Corpra Cavernosa
[3] Dorsal Artery - Skin, Glans

35
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the skin of the penis + scrotum?

A

superficial inguinal nodes

36
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the glans?

A

deep inguinal nodes

37
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the corpora + penile urethra?

A

internal iliac nodes

38
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the testis?

A

para-aortic and lumbar nodes

39
Q

What are the dermatomes of the pelvic region?

A
  • you sit on your S3 and S4 region

- the rectum is S5

40
Q

What are two palpable bones in the pelvic region?

A

[1] Pubic Symphysis
[2] Coccyx

  • palpable in females
41
Q

What are the muscles in the external aspect of the vagina?

A

same as males
[1] Bulbospongiosus Muscle
[2] Ischiocavernous Muscle

42
Q

What are the layers of the uterus (from outside to in)?

A

[1] Perimetrium
[2] Myometrium
[3] Endometrium

43
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the skin of labia?

A

superficial inguinal nodes

44
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the clitoris?

A

[1] deep inguinal nodes

[2] internal iliac nodes

45
Q

What is the innervation (nerve to) the clitoris?

A

dorsal nerve of clitoris

46
Q

What is an episiotomy?

A

It is making an incision in the perineum at the time of delivery.

  • to prevent a perineal tear or excess stretching of the muscles
  • to protect hte fetus if delivery is slow/in distress
  • it is a Posterolateral Incision (it gives the best protection against sphincter damage)
47
Q

What is a clinical uterine prolapse?

A

it is when the uterus goes into the vagina

- due to the prolapse of the lateral ligaments

48
Q

What is the definition of female genital mutilation?

A

it involves the partial or total removal of external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons
- it is a CRIME + VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

  • there are 3 types of female genital mutilation

Anatomy (16 decks)

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