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Anatomy > REB 29. Bladder, Prostate, Seminal Vesicles > Flashcards

REB 29. Bladder, Prostate, Seminal Vesicles Flashcards

1
Q

What separates the real and the false pelvis?

A

Above the Pelvic Brim - False Pelvis

Below the Pelvic Brim - Real Pelvic

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2
Q

Is the bladder an intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal and extraperitoneal organ?

A

extraperitoneal organ

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3
Q

What are the different surfaces of the bladder?

A

[1] Base
[2] Apex
[3] Infero-lateral Surface

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4
Q

What structure do you have at the apex of the bladder?

A

Median Umbilical Ligament

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5
Q

What type of muscle increases the surface area in the bladder?

A

Rugae

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6
Q

What is the function of rugae in the bladder?

A

to increase the surface area so more urine may be held

- bladder holds around 300 to 400 mL

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7
Q

What is the muscle of the bladder that helps hold urine and push it out?

A

Detrusor Muscle

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8
Q

What is the function of Detrusor Muscle?

A
  • helps the bladder hold urine when it relaxes

- when it contracts, it pushes the urine out

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9
Q

What is the pubovesical ligament?

A
  • it wraps around the neck of the bladder, and attaches to the pubic bones
  • they are an extension of the detrusor muscle
  • present in FEMALES
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10
Q

What is the puboprostatic ligament?

A
  • it wraps around the prostate and attaches to the pubic bones
  • present in MALES
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11
Q

What is the arterial blood supply of the bladder?

A

[1] Superior Vesical Artery (of Internal Iliac Artery)
- supplies anterior parts

[2] Inferior Vesical Artery (of internal Iliac Artery)
- supplies posterior and lateral parts

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12
Q

What is the nerve supply of the bladder?

A

[1] Sympathetic
- via the splanchnic nerves it allows contraction)

[2] Parasympathetic
- it allows relaxaton of the detrusor muscle

[3] Somatic Nerve Supply

  • via the pudendal nerve (both motor and sensory )
  • it opens up the external urethral sphincter
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13
Q

What are the 2 types of catheters?

A

[1] Ureter Catheter

[2] Suprapubic Catheter
- goes through the abdominal wall

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14
Q

What is a cytoscope?

A
  • you put a camera up the urethra and into the bladder
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15
Q

Describe the length of the urethra in females

A

very short

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16
Q

Where is the external urethral sphincter located in females?

A

located in the deep perineal pouch

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17
Q

Describe the length of the urethra in males

A

pretty long

- around 15 to 20 cm in length

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18
Q

Where is the external urethral sphincter located in males?

A

located in deep perineal pouch

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19
Q

Where is the internal urethral sphincter located in males?

A

in the neck of the bladder

20
Q

What are the 4 parts of the urethra in males?

A

[1] Preprostatic Part of Urethra
[2] Prostatic Part of Urethra
[3] Membranous Part of Urethra
[4] Spongy Part of Urethra

21
Q

What are the 2 bends of the penis?

A

[1] infrapubic bend

[2] prepubic bend

22
Q

What is the narrowest region of the urethra in males?

A

Membranous part of urethra

23
Q

Which part of the urethra may undergo dilation in males?

A

Prostatic part of urethra

24
Q

What is another name for the ductus deferens?

A

vas deferens

25
Q

What is another name for the vas deferens

A

ductus deferens

26
Q

Explain the process by which semen is transported out of epididymis.

A

[1] semen transported out of epididymis through ductus (vas) deferens

[2] behind the bladder, the vas deferens widens - this is the Ampulla of Ductus Deferens

[3] the vas deferens and seminal vesicle join to form the Ejaculatory Duct

[4] they pass through the prostate and opens into the urethra
- the prostate ensures that the semen doesn’t clot by adding something to it

27
Q

What is the Ampulla of Ductus Deferens?

A

behind the bladder, the vas deferens widens - this is the Ampulla of Ductus Deferens

28
Q

What are the 3 holes in the prostate?

A

[1] openings of ducts of glandular elements of prostate

[2] openings of ejaculatory ducts (2 of them)

29
Q

How many lobes of the prostate are there?

A

[1] Anterior Lobe
- anterior to the urethra

[2] Median Lobe

  • posterior to urethra
  • bounded inferiorly by the ejaculatory ducts (enlarges in base of bladder)

[3] Posterior Lobe

  • posterior to urethra
  • bounded superiorly by ejaculatory ducts

[4] Lateral Lobe
- right + left

30
Q

What is the blood supply of the prostate gland?

A

PROSTATIC ARTERIES arise from the internal iliac artery

31
Q

What is the venous drainage of the prostate gland?

A

PROSTATIC PLEXUS OF VEINS

they drain to the Internal Iliac Veins
- + they connect with vertebral venous plexuses

32
Q

Where does lymph drain to in the prostate gland?

A
  • lymph vessels drain to the internal iliac nodes
33
Q

Who does a benign prostatic enlargement (BPH) normally affect? Which lobe does it normally affect? What may it lead to and what are some exams/treatments?

A
  • usually occurs in 50% of men at the age of 50
  • normally affects central region of the median lobe
  • it causes a bladder obstruction
  • you can use a Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
  • you can also do a Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP)
34
Q

What areas of the prostate does prostate cancer affect? How common is it? Where does it normally metastasize to?

A
  • it normally affects peripheral regions
  • very common – around 80% of men at 80 have microscopic foci of cancer
    • but less than 5% of people die from it
  • metastases normally go to the vertebral bones
35
Q

Where does prostatic cancer normally metastasize to?

A

vertebral bones

36
Q

What is a digital rectal exam?

A

put a finger into the rectum and feel around

- if there is a hard lump that is usually indicative of prostatic cancer

37
Q

What is Transrectal Ultrasonography (TRUS)?

A

you put a camera up the rectum

38
Q

How does transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) work?

A
  • you put the instrument (resectoscope) into the urethra of the penis
  • this then goes to to the prostate and parts may be resected
39
Q

What is the function of the prostatic fascia? Where does the fascia thicken and thin?

A
  • membranous partition at the lowest part of the rectovesical pouch
  • separates the prostate + urinary bladder from the rectum
  • the fascia thickens around the non-distensible organs
  • the fascia is thinner around the distensible organs such as the bladder
40
Q

What is the pouch between the rectum and bladder in males?

A

rectovesical pouch

41
Q

What is the venous drainage of the bladder?

A

drains into the VESICAL PLEXUS

42
Q

What does the motor aspect of the pudendal nerve control?

A
  • external anal sphincter

- internal anal sphincter

43
Q

What does the sensory aspect of the pudendal nerve control?

A
  • proves sensory to genitalia, peritoneum and around the anal canal
44
Q

What are the 2 types of nerves that have an effect on the detrusor muscle?

A

[1] Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves (Parasympathetics from S2 to S4)
- leads to contraction of detrusor muscle

[2] Inferior Hypogastric Plexus
- involves relaxation of detrusor muscle

45
Q

What effect do the pelvic splanchnic nerves (parasympathetics from S2 to S4) on the detrusor muscle?

A

it leads to contraction of the detrusor muscle

46
Q

What effect do the inferior hypogastric plexus have on the detrusor muscle?

A

it involves in the relaxation of detrusor muscle

Anatomy (16 decks)

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