Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > NSB 4. Cervical Spine, Cord, Nerves and Skull Osteology > Flashcards

NSB 4. Cervical Spine, Cord, Nerves and Skull Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 different/unique/important cervical vertebrae?

A

[1] C1 - Atlas
[2] C2 - Axis
[3] C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the important/defining physical traits of a cervical vertebrae?

A

[1] Small, Kidney-Shaped Vertebral Body (except C2 and C2)

[2] Foramen Transversarium**

  • on either side (2x)
  • where arterial blood supply goes through

[3] Large Triangular Canal

[4] Bifid Spinous Process (at back)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In regards to the size of the vertebral body, what happens to them as you go down the spine?

A

the size of the vertebral body increases (because you need more support)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the different parts of the typical vertebral body (e.g. lumbar)

A 
[1] Vertebral Body
[2] Pedicles
[3] Lamina
[4] Transverse Processes
[5] Superior Articular Facet
[6] Inferior Articular Facet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the type of joint between the vertebral bodies?

A

secondary cartilaginous joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the parts of the C7 vertebrae?

A

[1] Small, Kidney Shaped Vertebral Body

[2] Triangular Vertebral Canal

[3] Vertebra Pominens
- doesn’t have a bifid spine

[4] Transverse Foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the defining part of the C1 (atlas) vertebrae?

A

[1] NO body
- it has anterior and posterior arches

[2] NO Spinous Process

[3] Kidney-Shaped Facets Superiorly (for Occipital Condyles)
- allows nodding of head up and down

[4] Groove for Vertebral Artery (on upper surface)

[5] Transverse Foramen

[6] Lateral Masses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the parts + ligaments of the C2 (axis) vertebrae?

A

[1] Superior Articular Surfaces (for C1 to rotate)
- a pivot joint

[2] Dens/Odontoid Process

[3] Transverse Ligament of the Atlas

[4] Alar Ligament

[5] Pedicles

[6] Lamina

[7] Transverse Process + Transverse Foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the joints between the articular processes of the adjacent vertebrae?

A

facet joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are the facet joints in the spine cord located?

A

they are located between the articular processes of the adjacent vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the ligaments of the spinal cord?

A

[1] Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

[2] Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

[3] Ligamentum Flavum (Flava)
- is at the back of the spinal canal and not the spinal cord

[4] Interspinous Ligament

[5] Supraspinous Ligament

[6] Ligament Nuchae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the ligament nuchae?

A
  • a thick ligament at the back of the neck

- where the cervical vertebrae are bifid, the ligament runs through the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What position do you need the person to be in when doing a lumbar puncture?

A

patient needs to be in FETAL POSITION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why are lumbar punctures done?

A

to gain a specimen of CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why would you not do a lumbar puncture if there is raised CSF?

A
  • if raised ICP
  • lumbar puncture can cause cerebral herniation
  • this is due to decreased pressure in the spinal cord due to the removal of CSF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where does the spinal cord end in adults?

A

L1/L2

17
Q

Where does the spinal cord end in children?

A

L3/L4

18
Q

What are the layers that are passed through when doing a lumbar puncture? (from outside to in)

A 
[1] Skin
[2] Subcutaneous Tissue
[3] Muscle
[4] Supraspinous Ligaments
[5] Interspinous Ligaments
[6] Ligamentum Flavum
[7] Dura Mater
[8] Arachnoid Mater
19
Q

What are the primary curvatures of the spine?

A

[1] Thoracic

[2] Sacral

20
Q

What are the secondary curvatures of the spine?

A

[1] Cervical

[2] Lumbar

21
Q

What is the path that the vertebral artery takes?

A
  • arises from the subclavian artery
  • it ascends in the transverse foramen (from C6 to C1)
  • – not in C7
  • it runs in the groove of the atlas
  • it enters the foramen magnum
22
Q

Where does thickening of the spinal cord arise? Why does it occur?

A

[1] Cervical Enlargement
[2] Lumbar Enlargement

  • thickening occurs when you have a plexus/lots of nerves supplying parts of the body (e.g. upper limb)
23
Q

Where does the subarachnoid space end in the spinal cord?

A

S2

24
Q

What is the Filum Terminale?

A

it is the extension of pia mater to the coccyx

25
Q

Where are the cervical spinal nerves located in relation to the cervical vertebrae?

A
  • the first 7 cervical nerves run above the cervical vertebrae
  • the 8th cervical nerve runs below the cervical vertebrae
26
Q

What are the layers of the vertebral canal/spinal cord from inside to out?

A 
[1] surrounded by meninges
[2] pia mater
[3] subarachnoid space - CSF
[4] arachnoid mater
[5] dura mater
[6] extradural/epidural space (containing loose connective tissue, fat  + venous plexus)
27
Q

What is the arterial supply of the spinal cord?

A

[1] Anterior Spinal Artery
- from vertebral arteries

[2] Posterior Spinal Artery
- from Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)

[3] Segmental Arteries
- Artery of Adamkiewicz – lower thoracic or upper lumbar region

28
Q

What is the venous drainage of the spinal cord?

A
  • drains into the internal vertebral plexus in the extradural/epidural space
  • there are NO valves (this allows cancer to spread more easily)
29
Q

What are the different parts of the skull bone?

A 
[1] Frontal
[2] Parietal
[3] Temporal
[4] Sphenoid (GW)
[5] Pterion (the junction/union of the 4 bones -- it is a weakpoint) 
[6] Zygomatic Arch
[7] Temporal Mandibular Joint
30
Q

Why is the Pterion important?

A
  • it is important as it is a weakpoint in the skull

- the middle meningeal artery runs behind the pterion

31
Q

What are the 3 main cranial fossae?

A

[1] Anterior Cranial Fossae
[2] Middle Cranial Fossae
[3] Posterior Cranial Fossae

32
Q

What are the main parts of the Anterior Cranial Fossae?

A 
[1] frontal lobe of brain
[2] lesser wing of sphenoid bone
[3] crista galli
[4] cribriform plate (ethmoid plate)
[5] foramen cecum
33
Q

What are the main parts of the Middle Cranial Fossae?

A 
[1] greater wing of sphenoid bone
[2] foramen ovale
[3] foramen spinosum
[4] parts of temporal bone (medial)
[5] outer ridges of parietal bone
34
Q

What are the main parts of the Posterior Cranial Fossae?

A 
[1] mainly occipital bone
[2] bits of temporal + parietal bones
[3] clivus
[4] jugular tubercle
[5] internal acoustic canal/meatus
[6] jugular foramen
[7] hypoglossal canal
[8] foramen magnum

Anatomy (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions