NSB 11. Scalp, Face, Parotid, VII Flashcards
What are the layers of the scalp from outside to in?
[1] Skin [2] Dense Connective Tissue [3] Aponeurotic Layer [4] Loose Connective Tissue [5] Periosteum (Pericranium) [6] Bone
What is the occipitofrontalis?
- a muscle that covers a part of the skull
- there are 2 bellies: frontalis and occipitalis
What are the 2 different types of haematomas?
[1] Sub-Periosteal Haematoma
[2] Sub-Galeal Haematoma
What is a sub-periosteal haematoma?
- bleeding occurs underneath the periosteum, but the bleeding is contained
- may be due to vacuum suctioning of the baby during labour
What is a sub-galeal haematoma?
- bleeding under the periosteum that is NOT as well contained
- this leads to blood pooling around the eyes (raccoon eyes)
What is the blood supply of the to the scalp?
[1] Superficial Temporal [2] Posterior Auricular [3] Occipital [4] Opthalmic -- Supratrochlear -- Supraorbital
What is the venous drainage of the scalp?
[1] Posterior Auricular Vein
[2] Occipital Vein
[3] Supratrochlear Vein
[4] Supraorbital Vein
What are the 3 salivary glands?
[1] Sublingual
[2] Submandibular
[3] Parotid
Where is the parotid gland located?
- parotid gland is an exocrine gland
- lies lateral to the masseter muscle
- masseter muscle is a muscle that aids in chewing (mastication)
What is the parotid duct? Where is it located?
- parotid duct runs over the masseter muscle into the last molar tooth
- the parotid duct secretes saliva into the mouth
What does the parotid gland secrete?
- it secretes alpha-amylase to break down STARCH
- has serous, watery secretions
When does the parotid gland develop?
develops in the 6th week of development
What is a common type of benign tumour of parotid glands?
pleomorphic adenoma
What is parotitis and what may cause it?
Parotitis: inflammation of the parotid gland
- most common cause: mumps
(caused be mumps virus)
Where does the facial nerve leave the skull?
stylomastoid foramen
What runs over the parotid gland?
the Facial Nerve runs over the parotid gland
What are the branches of the facial nerve?
[1] Temporal [2] Zygomatic [3] Buccal [4] Marginal Mandibular [5] Cervical
What does the temporal branch of the facial nerve supply?
frontalis muscle
What does the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve supply?
orbicularis oculi
What does the buccal branch of the facial nerve supply?
buccinator muscle
What does the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve supply?
orbicularis oris
What does the cervical branch of the facial nerve supply?
platsyma muscle
How do you test the temporal branch of the facial nerve?
raise eyebrows
How do you test the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve?
close eyes
How do you test the buccal branch of the facial nerve?
puff cheeks up
What are the 2 types of palsy?
[1] Facial Palsy
[2] Bell’s Palsy
What is facial palsy?
- paralysis of facial nerve
- difficulty with eye closure
- eye might be sore and watering
- food lodges on inside of cheek
- drooling
- assymetric expression
- “Bookies Mouth” – dropping down of mouth due to weight of facial muscles and damaged nerves
What is Bell’s palsy?
- idiopathic (unknown cause) of facial palsy
- might be viral in origin
- can given them steroid antivirals
What are the lymph nodes of the neck and head?
[1] Submental Nodes [2] Submandibular Nodes [3] Deep Cervical Nodes [4] Superficial Cervical Nodes [5] Jugulodigastric Node [6] Preauricular/Parotid Nodes [7] Mastoid Nodes [8] Occipital Nodes
