Reading: Music and the Enlightenment, the Symphony, and the Classical Concerto

Question 1

Where did Classical music develop?

Answer 1

Vienna, Austria.

Question 2

Joseph II is known as an “___” ruler.

Answer 2

Enlightened.

Question 3

Who are the two French philosophers associated with the Enlightenment?

Answer 3

Voltaire and Rousseau.

Question 4

What did Thomas Jefferson write concerning the Enlightenment?

Answer 4

“Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

Question 5

Rococo

Answer 5

A mid-eighteenth century style that was light and often frothy.

Question 6

Divertimento

Answer 6

An 18th-century genre of light instrumental music, designed for entertainment.

Question 7

The Classical era of music focused on…

Answer 7

Music as entertainment.

Question 8

What became the most progressive operatic form in the latter part of the eighteenth century?

Answer 8

Opera buffa.

Question 9

The opera of the Classical period can be compared to the ___ of the literary genre.

Answer 9

Novel.

Question 10

Were concerts the sole source of income for most Classical musicians?

Answer 10

No, they still relied on court patronage, the opera house, and the church.

Question 11

What are the two concepts needed to understand Classical music?

Answer 11

• Natural.

- Pleasing variety.

Question 12

True or false? Classical music has a rigid rhythmic quality.

Answer 12

False.

Question 13

True or false? There was more variation in dynamics in the Classical period.

Answer 13

True.

Question 14

What led to the increased variety in dynamics in the Classical period?

Answer 14

The pianoforte (piano).

Question 15

What was the role of the woodwinds in the Classical orchestra as opposed to in the Baroque orchestra?

Answer 15

Were included all the time instead of for just festive occasions. Added pleasing variety, strengthened the strings.

Question 16

Describe the composition of a Classical orchestra:

Answer 16

Strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion (2 timpani).

Question 17

What were Classical melodies like?

Answer 17

Simple, more like popular music. Gave you something to hum along to.

Question 18

What is the primary texture of the classical period?

Answer 18

Homophony.

Question 19

There was a drive towards ___ in texture in the Classical period.

Answer 19

Simplicity.

Question 20

What is special about themes in Classical music?

Answer 20

• They are repeated immediately after first appearance.
• They are led into in a distinctive manner.
• They are closed off just as distinctly.

Question 21

___ cadences are a characteristic of Classical music.

Answer 21

Multiple.

Question 22

What are the most important forms of the Classical period?

Answer 22

Sonata form, minuet form, rondo form, and theme and variations form.

Question 23

Symphony

Answer 23

A large orchestral piece in several movements.

Question 24

First movement of a typical Classical symphony:

Answer 24

Substantial piece in fast or moderate tempo. Sometimes preceded by short but solemn introduction in slower tempo.

Question 25

Second movement of a typical Classical symphony:

Answer 25

Slow tempo and quiet mood.

Question 26

Third movement of a typical Classical symphony:

Answer 26

Minuet and trio. Persistent dance rhythms, moderately paced dance in triple meter.

Question 27

Fourth movement of a typical Classical symphony:

Answer 27

Fast. May be in sonata form, but rondo is more common.

Question 28

Sonata Form

Answer 28

A form developed by the Classical composers and used in almost all of the first movements of their symphonies, sonatas, etc.

Question 29

The A section in a sonata form is called the ___.

Answer 29

Exposition.

Question 30

The B section in a sonata form is called the ___.

Answer 30

Development.

Question 31

The A’ section in a sonata form is called the ___.

Answer 31

Recapitulation.

Question 32

Exposition

Answer 32

(1) The first section of a fugue; (2) the first section of a sonata-form movement.

Question 33

First Theme

Answer 33

In sonata form, a motive or tune (or a series of them) in the tonic key that opens the exposition section.

Question 34

Bridge

Answer 34

In sonata form, the section of music that comes between the first theme and the second group and makes the modulation, also called transition.

Question 35

Second Group

Answer 35

In sonata form, the group of themes following the bridge, in the second key.

Question 36

Second Theme

Answer 36

In sonata form, one theme that is the most prominent among the second group of themes in the exposition.

Question 37

Cadence Theme

Answer 37

In sonata form, the final conclusive theme in the exposition.

Question 38

Development

Answer 38

(1) The process of expanding themes and short motives into larger sections of music; (2) the second section of a sonata-form movement, which features the development process.

Question 39

Retransition

Answer 39

In sonata form, the passage leading from the end of the development section into the beginning of the recapitulation section.

Question 40

Recapitulation

Answer 40

The third section of a sonata-form movement.

Question 41

Coda

Answer 41

The concluding section of a piece or a movement, after the main elements of the form have been presented. Codas are common in sonata form.

Question 42

Form of the Classical concerto:

Answer 42

Long opening movements and no minuet movements. Opening, slow, and closing movements.

Question 43

Double Exposition Form

Answer 43

A type of sonata form developed for use in concertos.

Question 44

Orchestra Exposition

Answer 44

In Classical concerto form, the first of tow expositions, played by the orchestra without the soloist.

Question 45

Solo Exposition

Answer 45

In Classical concerto form, the second of two expositions, played by the soloist and the orchestra.