Jazz...and the Crossover Flashcards
1
Q
A cultivated tradition was in opposition to ___.
A
Vernacular.
2
Q
Examples of vernacular music.
A
- Stephen Foster (marches) and John Philip Sousa (pop songs).
- African American (slave) music (spirituals).
3
Q
___ was considered the key to a distinctly “American” music.
A
Vernacular.
4
Q
Jazz
A
- Developed early in the 20th century.
- Many developments since its inception.
- Comes from a variety of popular sources.
- Blues, Ragtime are precursors to jazz.
5
Q
What are the defining characteristics of jazz?
A
- Performance oriented.
- Improvisation.
- Structure is strophic, theme and variations.
- Rhythms include back beat, syncopation, and swing.
- Rhythm section is drums, bass, and guitar.
6
Q
When did the blues and ragtime emerge?
A
End of the 19th century.
7
Q
Blues
A
- Primarily vocal, Blue Notes, improvised, typical 12 note form.
- “If You Ever Been Down” Blues - Sippie Wallace.
8
Q
Ragtime
A
- Solo piano, syncopation vs. metric beats, composed.
- Scott Joplin - Maple Leaf Rag.
9
Q
First major centre for jazz:
A
New Orleans
10
Q
Swing
A
- Popular in 1930’s.
- “Big Band” jazz.
- Totally arranged based on popular songs.
- Improvs relegated to solo section.
11
Q
Duke Ellington - “Conga Brava
A
- Instrument groups share melody.
- Latin American rhythm.
- Balance of improv and composition.
12
Q
Bebop
A
- Flourished during and after WWII.
- Reaction of black musicians who were left in a white music world.
- Reaction to swing.
- Jamming in New York clubs.
13
Q
Miles Davis
A
- Jazz after Bebop.
- Pioneers many jazz concepts from 1950 - 1980.
- Cool jazz, modal jazz, fusion jazz.
14
Q
Bitches Brew
A
- Jazz-rock fusion.
- Electric instruments.
- Additional percussion.
- Obstinate offers flexibility for improvisation.
15
Q
Leonard Bernstein
A
- Crossover from classical to pop.
- Musical comedies (the American musical).
- Operettas with jazz.
- 1920’s were song oriented.
- 1940’s were plot oriented.
