Reading and Spelling Development Flashcards
Is reading a process or automatic
A process
What is the information processing procedure for reading
Print -> Speech
Print -> Meaning
What is the information processing procedure for spelling
Speech -> Print
Meaning -> Print
What is required for reading writing and spelling
Secondary language skills
Building upon speaking and listening
Need instruction for oral language skills
Did the brain develop for reading writing or spelling
No
Has the condition of dyslexia always been present
No, developed once we learnt how to read
What are reading writing and spelling classed as
Secondary language skills
What do reading spelling and writing build on
Speaking and litestning
How do we develop reading spelling and writing
Need instruction and oral language skills
What three things does reading rely on
Vocab
Phonological skills
Reading skills
Define phonological skill
The ability to manipulate sounds and words
Define reading skills
The ability to read in a fluent way
What do reading comprehension and accuracy positively correlate with
Early reading acquisition
What resources does automatic reading give
Comprehension
What does vocabulary provide
Breadth and depth
What is morphology
Plays and playing
What is syntax
The order and use of words
What is the process of early reading development
Word reading = word recognition and decoding
Word reading = recognition decoding and vocal meaning
What is reading a combination of
Decoding x Comprehension
How do we read
- Recognise letters
- Decode sounds
- Analognise known words
- Predict worst from grapho-phoemic cortex
- Memory and semantic context
What is phonological awareness
Awareness of sounds and words
Are phonemes used in school when first teaching students how to read
Yes
What does visual communication involve
Mapping symbols to language units
What are the limited number of visual symbols
Ambiguities
Limits features represented
What visual symbols help children
When the shape correlates to the real life i.e. S snake
Who studied the effects of practice on reading and spelling
Conrad 2008
What did Conrad 2008 find in his effects of practice study
Word-specific transfer across skill: Proportion of practice words read and spelled correctly by both readers and spellers.
Which did Conrad find influenced each other greater
Spelling influenced reading, more than reading influenced spelling
What are the four models of reading and spelling development
Coltheart Dual Route Cascaded Model
Frith Stages model
Ehri Phases model
Gentry Spelling
How many routes does the dual route cascade model have
3
What are the three routes of the DRCM
Lexical semantic
Lexical non-semantic
Grapheme-Phoneme Conversion
How does the DRCM believe words are read
Units within each part
Excitation and inhibition
Who developed the DRCM
Coltheart et al. 2001
What is the lexical non-semantic route
Visual input -> letter -> orthographic input -> phonological -> phoneme
What is the route for GPC
Visual input -> letter units -> GPR system -> phoneme system
Who uses the DRCM
Early readers
Why do early readers use the DRCM
Letter units and the GP set up
Why does the DRCM work for dyslexia
Phono + other lexicon
GPC
Letter units
Is the DRCM a developmental model
NO