Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Developmental > Mental Health > Flashcards

Mental Health Flashcards

1
Q

What does suicidality refer to

A

From thoughts to behaviours, can be current (now) or lifetime (any point in your life)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is required for a mental health diagnosis

A

Need to be causing distress
Meet criteria in DSM-V
Clinical judgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Co-occuerance with what condition could effect the likely hood of factors leading to mental health

A

asd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the challenge

A

Effectively identifying mental health problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the four key areas of mental health

A

Environment
Biological
Societal
Psychological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does environmental factors of mental health refer to

A

Stress, bereavement, finances, bullying, unemployment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does societal factors of mental health refer to

A

Attitudes
Stigma
Policy
Poverty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does psychological factors of mental health refer to

A

Thinking style
Coping strategies
Resiliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does biological factors of mental health refer to

A

Genetic predisposition

Brain structure and functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are 4 key components of ASD

A

Socialisation
Narrow interests
Imagination
Sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When were mental health difficulties first reported

A

Kanners first clinical report of 1943

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What conditions did Kanners note in 1943

A

Anxiety and fear

Depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What symptom is shared between anxiety and sameness

A

Insistence of sameness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the typical age to be diagnosed with ASD acording to Howlin 1999

A

5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When do people get diagnosed with AS

A

11 years or adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who reported a lack of support post diagnosis for children and adults

A

Crane 2015

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who reported Bullying and peer victimisations

A

Shatyermman 20017

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do those who transition into adulthood with ASD/AS report

A 
lack of support services
health and social difficulties
poor quality of life
low occupational achievement
social exclusion and isolation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What social challenges do those with ASD face

A

Difficulty recognising others emotions, interpreting and predicting behaviour and responding accuratly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

True or false ASD are harder to read according to Sheppard 2017

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What could the social challenges those with ASD face contribute to

A

Social exclusion Sasson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the social challenges that those with ASD face referred to

A

Social challenges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the potential impacts of the social challenges ASD face

A

social isolation
Loneliness
Those with high autistic traits more likely to experience thwarted belongingness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What conditions is ASD associated with

A

Depressio and self harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the name of the ASD coping strategy in social situations

A

Camoflauging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What gender is camouflaging more common in

A

Women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does camouflaging lead to

A 
Under diagnosis
Miss diagnosis
Toll on mental health
Loss of identity
Exhaustion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Why does camouflaging occur

A

To help fit in in a NT society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the DSM criteria for depression and how many do inidivuals have to have

A 
5 or more of the 9
Depressed mood
looks of interst
change in weight
insomnia
retardation or agitation
loss of energy
worthlessness
impaired concentration
death, suicide ideation or suicide attempts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What percentage of the UK population experience a mental health problem

A

23%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the most common mental health problem

A

Depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What percentage of ASD adults meet the criteria for a psychiatric condition at some point with depression most common

A

79%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the prevalence of depression in ASD adults

A

30-50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the prevalence of depression in ASD children

A

30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Why is there believed to be such prevalence of depression in ASD

A

Social Isolation
Unemployment
Loneliness
Awareness of own shortcoming and struggle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What style has been suggested by Cassidy as to why prevalence of depression is so high in ASD

A

Cognitive style

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What aspects of cogntive style are believed to influence depression prevelance

A

Inflexible thinking

Memory biases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the issues preventing effective diagnosing of depression in ASD

A

Overlap of symptoms - diagnostic overshadowing
Lack of ASD relevant terms
Cognitive style affecting interpretation of questions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Who conducted a study into the psycho-socail factors of ASD

A

Jackson 2016

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What did Jackson 2016 find regarding the psycho-social factors of ASD

A

Self-reported autistic traits associated with current self reported depression, significantly mediated by difficulties in social problem-solving skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the impacts of depression in ASD

A

Over 90% of those who commit suicide where diagnosed with depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What level of risk of suicide are those with ASD

A

Significantly increased risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Out of 347 newly diagnosed AS what percentage had suicidal idealisation

A

66%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Out of 347 newly diagnosed AS what percentage had sucidice plans or attempts

A

35%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What percentage of 347 people newly diagnosed with AS had depression

A

31%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Who suggested that Autistic traits and depression risk factors for suicidality

A

Cassidy 2014

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What did the large population study of Sweden find

A

Adults with autism significantly more likely to die by suicide than the general population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What did the Swedish study find where the biggest risk factors for sucide

A

female, ASD without ID and depression - opposite to general population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What gender are mental health problems and suicidality highest in ASD

A

Women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What does a lack of social support in ASD incerase

A

Depression and suicidal ideation

Hedley 2017

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What do feelings of loneliness increase

A

Depression and thoughts of self harm

Hedley 2018

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What were the 2 factors Pelton believed effected capability for suicide

A

Thwarted beloning

Perceived burdemoness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Are the two factors suggested by Pelton linked to ASD

A

ASD traits predict both factors

54
Q

What is ASD associated with in young adults according to Pelton and Cassidy

A

Depression, suicidality, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness

55
Q

What are the two areas that cause challenging measurement for ASD mental health diagnosis

A

Cognitive and behavioural

56
Q

What are the cognitive aspects of ASD

A

Alexthymia
ToM
Literal interpretation
Reduced flexibility in thinking

57
Q

What ASD symptoms overlap with depression criteria

A

Social withdrawal
Difficulties with sleep
Flat affect
Reduced eye contact

58
Q

What does overlap of ASD and depression criteria lead to

A

Diagnostic overshadowing

59
Q

Who identified a lack of ASD specific items

A

Stewart et al. 2006

60
Q

What makes a high quality assessment tool

A 
Structural validity
Internal consistency
Hypothesis testing
Criteron validity
Content validity 
Reliability
61
Q

Who conducted a systematic review of assessed quality of previous studies using research tool COSMIN

A

Cassidy 2018

62
Q

What did Caassidy 2018 find

A

Only 1 low quality study assessing the criteria in ASD adults

63
Q

What were Cassidy’s 2018 conclusions

A

Weak evidence compared to general population

64
Q

Gothman 2015 found mild-moderation correlation with other measures and what

A

Clinical diagnosis of depression

65
Q

In the general population all the symptoms in the DSM come from where

A

One latent variable

66
Q

Depression assessment measurement properties of mental health assessment tools are likely different in what

A

ASD compared to the general population

67
Q

What is key in diagnosis

A

Content validity

68
Q

What needs to be included in the depression assessment in ASD

A

to include autism specific items which capture unique presentation of depression in autism

69
Q

What questions could be added to the ASD depression criteria

A

Sensory sensitivity and camouflaging

70
Q

What hypothesis testing needs to be done on ASD

A

Check that autistic people with depression score higher than autistic people without depression
Compare structural validity and internal consistency of original to adapted measures

71
Q

What criertion validity needs to be checked in depression assessment

A

Tricky – what is the ‘gold standard’ to compare?

Could compare performance of original and adapted tools against clinical assessment

72
Q

What is needed for depression

A

Adapted assessments needed and currently being developed

73
Q

What are anxiety and worry associated with

A 
Restlessness or feeling on edge
Easily fatigued, difficulties concentrating
Irritability
Muscle tension
Sleep disturbance
74
Q

How does anxiety manifest itself in ASD

A

Associated with intolerance of uncertainty, RRBs and sensory processing

75
Q

What could the associated anxieties affect the perception of

A

Anxiety in ASD

76
Q

What type of difficulties are a core feature of ASD and RRbs and anxiety

A

Sensory difficulties

77
Q

What is social anxiety defined as

A

Fear of general population negative evaluation

78
Q

What does social anxiety of ASD refer to

A

Fear of violation of logical rules or unpredictability of social situations

79
Q

What is the tool adapted for children with ASD being tested for anxiety

A

Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS)

80
Q

What did Rodgers study find

A

Established a factor structure in anxiety ASD assessment

81
Q

What is BPD

A

Bipolar disorder

82
Q

How many criteria are required to be diagnosed with BPD

A

5/9

83
Q

What are the symptoms that overlap between BPD and ASD

A

Social difficulties
Emotion regulation difficulties
Frequent suicidal gestures

84
Q

What may someone with BPD present as

A

Can appear to have very unstable and chaotic lifestyle – frequent changes or inappropriate friendships

85
Q

What factor of ASD may lead to difficulties diagnosing BPD

A

Camouflaging

86
Q

What gender is BPD more commonly diagnose in

A

Females

87
Q

What gender is ASD underdiagnosed with

A

Females

88
Q

High prevalence of suicidality / self injury in particularly in what gender of ASD

A

Females

89
Q

What may the under diagnosis of ASD in females and over diagnosis in BP be attributed to

A

Potentially lead to misdiagnosis of autistic females as BPD or miss co-occurring conditions

90
Q

What percentage of BPD meet criteria from ASD

A

15%

91
Q

What were patients with BPD and ASD at significant higher risks for

A

Suicide attempts

Lower self image

92
Q

What level of ASD traits do BPD have according to Dudas

A

Elevated

93
Q

Those with combined BPD and ASD have the highest what

A

ASD traits

94
Q

Given the similarities between BPD and ASD what is understandable

A

Misdiangosis

95
Q

What defines an eating disorder

A

Persistent restriction of energy intake leading to significantly low body weight
Either an intense fear of gaining weight or of becoming fat, or persistent behaviour that interferes with weight gain

96
Q

What is body dysmorphia

A

Disturbance in the way one’s body weight or shape is experienced undue influence of body shape and weight on self-evaluation, or persistent lack of recognition of the seriousness of the current low body weight.

97
Q

What does someone with Anoreixa typical presented as

A

Significantly underweight

98
Q

What does someone with bulimia present with

A

Recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviour (for example, vomiting, laxative use, excessive exercise) in order to prevent weight gain

99
Q

What does ASD primarily effect in the early development

A

Social function and fleixibility

100
Q

When do Eds primarily affect eating behaviour

A

Onset in adolescent or adulthood

101
Q

What gender are Eds more common in

A

Women, but ASD under diagnosed in males

102
Q

ID more prevalent in what conditions, and less prevalent in what conditions

A

Prevalent in ASD

Not prevalent in EDs

103
Q

Who is concerned that ASD could increase risk of EDs

A

Gilberg 1983

104
Q

Why does Gilberg think ASD increases EDs risk

A

recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviour (for example, vomiting, laxative use, excessive exercise) in order to prevent weight gain

105
Q

What is the prevalence of EDs in ASD samples

A

8-37%

106
Q

What does the precentages of EDs and ASD show

A

Supporting evidence for increased prevalence of autism in ED samples

107
Q

Are the Eds behaviours being picked up on not truly autistic?

A

NO

108
Q

What are the co-mobid symptoms with ASD and EDs

A

OCD, depression, anxiety and starvation

109
Q

What does starvation do

A

Temporarily increases rigidity and obsession with food

110
Q

How can EDs be mistake for ASD

A

Narrow obsessive with food interest, sensory difficulties eating , social difficulties certain order or touch, rituals)

111
Q

Mandy 2015 used what standard of assessment in ASD ED research

A

Gold standard diagnostic assessment of 10 EDs

112
Q

What did Mandy 2015 attempt to do

A

Disentangle superficial or real autism in those with ED

113
Q

Out of the 10 EDs how many did Mandy 2015 find matched the criteria for ASD

A

5

114
Q

Why did 5 EDs match the criteria for ASD

A

Difficulties since childhood prior to the onset of ED

115
Q

What does Mandy’s 2015 suggest

A

Not an effect of starvation

116
Q

What is the most common area of concern for adults first diagnosed with ASD

A

Mental health

117
Q

What did Raja 2014 find

A

Many psychiatrists however are not trained in autism or developmental conditions

118
Q

What does few psychiarities being trained in ASD lead to

A

Autistic adults slipping through the net

119
Q

Research showed that young ASDs struggled to get a MH diagnosis and treatment true or false

A

True

120
Q

Why would ASD have difficulties evaluating mental health

A

Alexythymia
Reports of stigma
Sever obstacles

121
Q

What can ASD effect in treatment

A

Ability to
engage with traditional
treatments

122
Q

What type of therapy required high degree of emotional literay

A

CBT

123
Q

What therapy would ASD find difficult

A

CBT

124
Q

What makes ASD and anxiety hard to treat

A

High sensory sensitivity

125
Q

What can ASD adults benefit from

A

Psychological therapy to treat mental health difficulties such as anxiety, but it takes much longer

126
Q

What technology is being used to treat anixiety in ASD

A

VR

127
Q

Who used VR to gradually expose individuals (9) to specific phobias

A

Maskey 2014

128
Q

How many ASD did Maskey treat

A

8/9 able to tackle phobia

129
Q

Do not assume that mental health problems are part of autism

true or false

A

True

130
Q

Do not assume that it is not possible to treat mental health conditions in autism
true or false

A

True

Developmental (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions