Do Apes Have Theory of Mind Flashcards
What does ToM in apes involve?
Ability to understand: Goals Intentions Perception Knowledge False Belief
Who presented the seminal paper about chimps having theory of mind
Premack and Woodruff 1978
What did Premack and Woodruffs 1978 paper involve?
Chimps watched clips of people struggling to solve problem and chimp offered the correct solution to the actors problems
What was concluded from Premack and Woodruffs 1978 paper
Suggested that the chimp could infer the actors intentions.
What was the procedure for Woodruff and Premack 1979
Live action, decide whether or not to share food - when human co-operated with chimp in finding a goal.
What did Premack and Woodruff 1979 find when co-operating?
Chimps were able to produce and comprehend behavioural cues which convey accurate locational information.
What did Premack and Woodruff 1979 find that the chimps did when the human completed for the same goal?
Chimps learned to without information or mislead the recipient, and to go against the sender own misleading cues
What had to occur in order for Premack and Woodruff 1979 find their results
Lots of training!
What can be concluded from Premack and Woodruff 1979
Evidence for a capacity for intentional withholding of information or misleading of a participant
What does the POVINELLI camp believe?
Chimps DO NOT reason about others beliefs or any other mental states.
Same behaviours, but not same underlying psychological mechanisms
Chimps have ToM is some respect but not others- no evidence whether they understand false beliefs
Chimps do understand goals, intentions, perception and knowledge of others - is the stance taken by?
Tomasello
Who’s is responsible for the Behavioural Abstraction Hypothesis
Tomasello
Define the Behavioural Abstraction Hypothesis?
Only understand only surface- level of behaviour and form behavioural rules
‘BAH’ posits that chimpanzees:
- make predictions about future behaviours that follow from past behaviours, and
- adjust their own behaviour accordingly
Why may chimps go beyond behavioural rules?
Highly social, need to anticipate what others do, important for them to anticipate behaviours, but in novel situations cant rely on rules.
How many studies did Tomellso’s review involve
10
What did Tomellso conclude from his review
Chimps sow understanding of goals an intentions
What was Call and Tomasello 2008 procedure
Chimps watch man with full hands turn on light with foot, pr empty hands turn on light with foot