Developing a Theory of Mind Throughout Life Flashcards

1
Q

Adults show difficulty with false belief as found by

A

Mitchell et al. 1996 in which Kevin didn’t know if it was milk or orange juice in the jug

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2
Q

Mitchell et al. 1996 found adults struggle with false belief but suggested it was due to

A

Biases not errors - participants contaminated by knowledge

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3
Q

Apperly et al. 2006 found that false beliefs and ToM is not processed automatically by demonstrating that participants took longer to…

A

Respond about the protagonists belief, but quickly to the true state of the reality.

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4
Q

Ekman Faces show the standard 6 emotions:

A
Happy
Sad
Disgust
Fear
Surprise
Anger
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5
Q

Baron-Cohen et al. 1997 used a variation of Ekman faces in what task

A

Reading the mind in the eyes

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6
Q

What are the problems with Ekman faces in FB research?

A

 Failure to satisfy the ‘truth condition’ (West & Kenny, 2011)

 Inappropriate stimuli: posed, static, not caused by anything need natural stimuli, does the persons reaction take a cue about what happened to them?

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7
Q

Pillai et al. 2012 recorded peoples natural reactions to faces and found that

A

Perceivers are good at establishing what the target was reacting to.

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8
Q

What steps does theory of mind follow:

A

Perceiver
Target Behaviour
Targets Mind
Behaviour

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9
Q

In Edey et al.’s 2016 experiment participants moved the triangles around the page to convey emotions and found

A

Perceivers found it harder to identify what was being conveyed when made by an autistic person compared to a cognitive typical individual.

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10
Q

Shepard et al. 2016 found that when targets where 50:50 ASD and typical targets

A

Perceivers able to infer what they were reacting to, with story and compliment then ASD less readable and typical more readable.

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11
Q

Shepard et al. 2016 ASD perceivers weren’t harder to read due to:

A

Being less expressive, found that they were equally expressive

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12
Q

Tech et al. 2017 reordered participants looking at pleasant and unpleasant images and asked for people to establish if they were alone or not and found:

A

When people were alone and presented with a nasty image = more expressive

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13
Q

Valindes et al. 2017 asked participants to think of positive thoughts (pride, and excitement) and negative thoughts (shame and guilt) and found:

A

Mediterraneans are better at reading minds than British people.

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14
Q

Valindes et al. 2017 findings cannot be explained by

A

Own race effects

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15
Q

Why may Mediterraneans be better at reading emotions?

A

Collectivist culture

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