Reactive Lesions of the Oral Mucosa Flashcards
what type of epithelium is the oral mucosa
stratified squamous
what are the gross types of oral mucosa
lining
masticatory
gustatory
what are the microscopic types of oral mucosa
non-keratinised
keratinised - parakeratosis/orthokeratosis
name a keratinised part of the oral mucosa
palate
where does cell division occur
basal and suprabasal cells
what strata are in the cornified part of the epithelium
stratum corneum
what strata are in the maturation part of the epithelium
granulosum
spinosum
what strata is the progenitor part of the epithelium
basal
what is keratosis
parakeratosis of non-keratinised site
what is acanthosis
hyperplasia of stratum spinosum
what is elongated rete ridges
hyperplasia of basal cells
what is atrophy
reduction in viable layers
what is erosion
partial thickness loss
what is ulceration
full thickness loss with fibrin on surface
what is dysplasia
disordered maturation in a tissue
what is atypia
changes in cells
what leads to atrophy
age and nutritional deficiencies
what nutritional deficiencies leads to atrophy and glossitis
iron
vit B12
folate
what does atrophy of the tongue predispose you to
infection
what factors does how our oral mucosa react to trauma depend on
irritation
time
person
what are the forms of oral mucosa reaction
inflammation
keratosis
ulceration
fibrous tissue formation
formation of vesicles and bullae
what are epulides
soft tissue swellings on the gingiva
why do epulides occur
chronic inflammation/chronic trauma
what does the word peripheral mean in describing where a lesion originates from
originates on the gingiva not jaw bone
what is seen on histology from a fibrous epulis
ulceration
granulation tissue
metaplastic bone formation
what can be seen on pyogenic granuloma (vascular epulis) histology
blood vessels
what is a pyogenic granuloma made of
granulation tissue
why does a pyogenic granuloma arise
response to trauma
where can a pyogenic granuloma arise
any mucosal site
if a pyogenic granuloma is present during pregnancy what is it called
pregnancy epulis
if a giant cell lesion is on gingiva or alveolus what is it called
epulis
what can be seen on the histology of giant cell epulis
giant cells
what are giant cells
fused macrophages
what are the causes of giant cell epulis
unphagocytosable material
local chronic irritation
infection agents
hormonal stimulation of cells - osteoclasts
autoimmune disease - sarcoidosis
what do you need to exclude in your diagnosis of a giant cell lesion
systemic disease
raised PTH - low vit D in diet, malabsorption, renal disease
what is a fibroepithelial polyp
reactive hyperplastic lesion
what fibrous overgrowths can be caused from denture use
denture induced hyperplasia
leaf fibroma
papillary hyperplasia of palate
what is seen on the histology of papillary hyperplasia of the palate
pseudo-epitheliomatous hyperplasia
what can come with papillary hyperplasia of palate
candidal infection
what drugs induce fibrous overgrowth
antihypertensives - Ca channel blockers
anti-epileptics - phenytoin
immunosuppressants - ciclosporin
what treatment is needed for drug induced fibrous overgrowth
repeated gingivectomy
why does pregnancy gingivitis occur
increased progesterone levels
what does pregnancy gingivitis respond to treatment wise
oral hygiene measures
what are the 2 types of hamartomas
capillary and cavernous
what type of vascular lesions can you get
haemangioma present at birth
sturge weber syndrome
vascular malformation evident later in life
