Problems with Salivation Flashcards
what do you examine intra-orally for examining salivary glands
minor salivary glands
duct orifices
fluid expression
what are the functions of saliva
acid buffering
mucosal lubrication
taste facilitation
antibacterial
what can cause a dry mouth
salivary gland disease
drugs
medical conditions
radiotherapy and cancer treatments
anxiety and somatisation
what is lost in salivary glands as a normal process of aging
acinar tissue loss
what anti-muscarinic cholinergic drugs can cause indirect salivary problems
tricyclic antidepressants
antipsychotics
anithistamine
atropine
diuretics
cytotoxics
what are chronic medical problems associated with dry mouth
diabetes
renal disease
stroke
addisons disease
persisting vomiting
what acute medical problems are associated with dry mouth
acute oral mucosal diseases
burns
vesiculobullous diseases
haemorrhage
what are some direct salivary gland problems
aplasia
sarcoidosis
HIV
gland infiltration
cystic fibrosis
what is ectodermal dysplasia
hair, nails, teeth and salivary glands all aplastic and deficient
what is sarcoidosis
granuloma change in salivary glands causing enlargement of parotid and submandibular glands
how does HIV affect salivary glands
causes lymphoproliferative changes in the gland where it increases in bulk but decreases in function
what is amyloidosis
deposition of protein in the gland which prevents the gland from working properly
what is haemochromatosis
excess storage of iron within tissue which stops salivary tissue from functioning
what is the effect of radiation on the glands
blood supply lost to gland
what is the effect of radioiodine on the glands
iodine accumulates in glands and kills of acinar cells affecting salivary function
what scale is used to assess mucosal dryness
challacombe scale
what is included in mild dryness
mirror sticks to buccal mucosa
mirror sticks to tongue
saliva is frothy
how do you treat mild dryness
sugar free chewing gum for 15 mins
no treatment
what is included in moderate dryness
no saliva pooling in floor of mouth
tongue shows generalised shortened papilla
altered gingival architecture
how do you treat moderate dryness
sugar free gum
saliva substitutes
topical fluoride
what is included in severe dryness
glassy appearance of oral mucosa
tongue lobulated/fissured
cervical caries
debris on palate or sticking to teeth
how do you treat severe dryness
saliva substitutes
topical fluoride
find cause and exclude sjogrens
what tests are used for investigating salivary disease
blood tests
salivary flow test
tissue assay
imaging
what sort of imaging is used for salivary gland disease
plain radiographs
sialography
MR sialography
ultrasound
