Oral Mucosal Diseases

Question 1

what do we refer to oral medicine

Answer 1

anything the dentist thinks might be cancer or dysplasia
any symptomatic lesion that has not responded to standard treatment
benign lesion that patient cant be persuaded is not cancer

Question 2

what is the oral mucosa made of

Answer 2

stratified squamous epithelium
lamina propria
keratin?

Question 3

what mucosa is orthokeratosis

Answer 3

gingiva and palate

Question 4

what is parakeratosis

Answer 4

keratinised as a result of change to normal anatomy

Question 5

where should cells divide

Answer 5

basal and suprabasal cells

Question 6

what is acanthosis

Answer 6

hyperplasia of stratum spinosum, thickening due to reaction change

Question 7

what gives the appearance of elongated rete ridges

Answer 7

hyperplasia of basal cells

Question 8

what is atrophy

Answer 8

reduction in viable layers

Question 9

what is erosion

Answer 9

partial thickness loss

Question 10

what is ulceration

Answer 10

fibrin on the surface

Question 11

what is intracellular oedema

Answer 11

each cell is bigger and fluid filled

Question 12

what is intercellular oedema

Answer 12

fluid between the cells

Question 13

what is geographic tongue

Answer 13

alteration to maturation and replacement of normal epithelial surface giving small areas of semicircular white and red areas

Question 14

what symptoms are associated with geographic tongue

Answer 14

sensitivity with acidic/spicy foods, intermittent symptoms which are worse in children

Question 15

what are the possible causes of geographic tongue

Answer 15

haematinic deficiency
parafunctional trauma
dysaesthesia

Question 16

what is black hairy tongue

Answer 16

elongation of surface papilla which can be stained by bacterial colonisation/pigment from food

Question 17

what is the treatment for black hairy tongue

Answer 17

remove elongated surface with tongue scraper or nectarine stones sucked around the mouth for an hour

Question 18

what can happen as a result of a fissured tongue

Answer 18

food trapping causing inflammation
lichen planus and candida

Question 19

what is glossitis

Answer 19

smooth tongue with red appearance due to inflammation and atrophy

Question 20

what investigations do we do for glossitis

Answer 20

haematinics

Question 21

what swellings do we refer to oral med

Answer 21

symptomatic
abnormal overlying and surrounding mucosa
increasing in size
rubbery consistency
trauma from teeth
unsightly

Question 22

what swellings do we NOT refer

Answer 22

tori
small polyps
mucoceles

Question 23

what are tori

Answer 23

bony swellings associated with parafunctional clenching habits seen in TMJ pain patients often

Question 24

what is a pyogenic granuloma

Answer 24

granulation tissue with mixed inflammatory infiltrate on fibro-vascular background
trauma response

Question 25

what can pyogenic granulomas look like

Answer 25

fibrous yellow appearance or red appearance