Rat Lab Flashcards
What are the Body Cavities?
The thoracic and abdominal cavities
What are the Serous Cavities?
The Peritoneal Cavity, Pericardial Cavity and Pleural Cavities (x2)
What is the Outermost Layer of a Serous Membrane?
The parietal peritoneum/pericardium etc.
What is the Innermost Layer of a Serous Membrane?
The visceral peritoneum/pericardium etc.
What is Inside the Thoracic Cavitiy?
Mainly the Lungs and Heart
What is Inside the Abdominal Cavity?
The majority of the digestive and renal organs
What is Inside the Pleural, Pericardial and Peritoneal Cavities?
Serous fluid
What is the Double Layer Of Peritoneum that Suspends Organs in place within the Thoracic Cavity?
The mesentery
What is the Normal Texture and Colour of the Rat’s Lungs?
Spongy and bright pink
What Gland sits above the Base of the Heart?
The thymus
The Thymus plays a role in the Formation of what?
T-lymphocytes
What are the 3 Tubular Portions of a Rat’s Digestive System?
The oesophagus, small intestine and large intestine
What are the 2 Sacs in a Rat’s Digestive System?
The stomach and the caecum
Does the Oesophagus lie Dorsal or Ventral to the Trachea?
Dorsal
What is the Thickness of the Anterior and Lateral portion of a Rat’s Stomach Wall? What is its Transparency?
Thin and translucent
What is the Purpose of the Thin and Translucent region of a Rat’s Stomach?
Food storage
Does the Human Stomach have the Thin and Translucent section similar to that of a Rat Stomach?
No
What is the Medial and Posterior section of the Rat’s Stomach called?
The pyloric region
What is the Transparency of the Pyloric Region?
Opaque
Is the Thin and Translucent region of a Rat’s Stomach Glandular?
No
Is the Pyloric Region Glandular?
Yes
The Glands within the Pyloric Region are ___ Glands
The Glands within the Pyloric Region are Simple Tubular Glands
What do the Glands within the Pyloric Region Release?
Digestive enzymes and acid
The Collar of Smooth Muscle at the Outlet of the Stomach is called the ___
The Collar of Smooth Muscle at the Outlet of the Stomach is called the Pyloric Sphincter
The Pyloric Sphincter controls the flow of ___ into the Small Intestine
The Pyloric Sphincter controls the flow of Chyme (stomach contents) into the Small Intestine
What is the Function of the Small Intestine?
To absorb small molecules resulting from digestion in the stomach
What are the Names of the 3 Regions of the Small Intestine in order of them leaving the Stomach?
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
Which Blood Vessels drain blood from the Small Intestine? What Organ do they lead to?
Tributaries of the hepatic portal vein leading to the Liver
How much Oxygen and Nutrients does blood Leaving the Small Intestine have?
The blood is deoxgyenated and nutrient-rich
Where does the Pancreas secrete its Alkaline Digestive Juice into?
Into the pancreatic duct, which leads to the common duct and into the Duodenum
What does the Pancreas secrete into the Common Duct/Duodenum?
An alkaline digestive juice containing enzymes (lipases, amylases and proteases)
What does the Pancreas secrete into the Bloodstream?
Hormones (e.g. insulin)
Where is the Pancreas located?
Along the greater curvature of the stomach
What is the Appearance of the Pancreas?
A collection of pink, grain-like loblues, similar in appearance to fat deposits except pink
What is the Largest Gland in the Body?
The liver
Where is my will to live?
Non-existent
What Liver Byproduct aids in Digestion?
Bile
What do Bile Salts aid?
Digestion and absorption of fats and vitamins
What is the Purpose of the Gall Bladder?
To store bile
Do Humans have a Gall Bladder?
Yes
Do Rats have a Gall Bladder?
No
Where does the Rat’s Liver secrete Bile into?
Into the hepatic duct, leading to the common duct and into the duodenum
How many Lobes does the Liver have?
Four
What Colour is the Liver? What is its Texture?
Dark red, Soft and jelly-like
What does the Dark Red Colour of the Liver indicate?
It indicates its rich blood supply
What are the Two Sources of Blood which supply the Liver?
The hepatic portal vein (from the small intestine) and the hepatic artery (from the heart via the coeliac artery)
Is the Spleen part of the Digestive System?
No
Is the Spleen part of the Lymphatic System?
Yes
What is the Function of the Spleen?
To recycle proteins and remove dead red blood cells from the bloodstream
Where is the Spleen? What is it’s Shape and Colour?
Dark red and Leaf shaped underneath the stomach’s greater curvature
What are the Four Regions of the Large Intestine?
- Caecum
- Colon
- Rectum
- Anus
What is the Purpose of the Large Intestine?
The reabsorption of water and the formation of faeces from undigested chyme
What is the Appearance of the Caecum?
A flabby, thin walled bag
What occurs in the Caecum?
Bacteria act on the slow moving chyme
Do Humans have a Caecum?
Yes, it terminates in a vermiform (worm-like) appendix containing lymphoid tissue
Do Rats have a True Vermiform Appendix on their Caecum?
No
What Molecule is Broken Down in a Rat’s Caecum?
Cellulose
What are the 3 Parts of a Rat’s Colon?
The ascending, transverse and descending
What is the Purpose of the Colon?
To dehydrate faeces and absorb water
What is the Rectum?
A short passage between the colon and the anus
What is the Anus?
A sphincter under partial voluntary control through which faeces are expelled
Are the Kidneys suspened by the Mesentery?
No, they lie behind the peritoneal cavity (retroperitoneal)
What is the Colour of the Kidneys? What does this Indicate?
Dark red, indicating its rich blood supply
Where do the Renal Artery, Vein and Ureter access the Kidney?
The depression on the kidney’s medial surface
What is the Function of the Kidneys?
To filter blood
What is the Flap that Blocks Food from entering the Trachea?
The epiglottis
