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Medsci142 > Brain Functions > Flashcards

Brain Functions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Purpose of the Supramarginal Gyrus?

A

Allows understanding of reading

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2
Q

What is the Purpose of the Angular Gyrus?

A

Sending instructions to exner’s area for writing

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3
Q

What is the Purpose of the Primary Auditory Cortex?

A

To recieve pitch and timing input from ears tonotopically

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4
Q

What is the Purpose of the Wernicke’s Area?

A

Interperets speech patterns from the primary auditory cortex and to suppress noise that is irrelevant to speech

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5
Q

If a Lesion occurs in the Wernicke’s area, what type of Aphasia occurs?

A

Fluent/Sensory Aphasia

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6
Q

If a Lesion occurs in the Arcuate Fasiculus, what type of Aphasia occurs?

A

Connectional Aphasia, in which speech and comprehension are not linked

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7
Q

What is the Purpose of the Broca’s Area?

A

To instruct speech muscles

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8
Q

If a Lesion occurs in the Broca’s Area, what kind of Aphasia occurs?

A

Non-fluent/Motor aphasia

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9
Q

What is the Purpose of Exner’s Area?

A

To Instruct the hand muscles in actions such as writing and in repetitive actions

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10
Q

What is the Purpose of the Pre-Central Gyrus/Primary Motor Cortex?

A

To activate muscles throughout the body

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11
Q

What is the Purpose of the Post-Central Gyrus/Primary Somatosensory Cortex?

A

To recieve touch, pressure, pain and temperature sensory input from the body

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12
Q

What is the Purpose of the Primary Visual Cortex?

A

To take input in from the eyes

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13
Q

What is the Purpose of the Secondary Visual Cortex?

A

To process visual input from the Primary Visual Cortex

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14
Q

How are the Motor/Sensory Neurons in the Pre-Central and Post-Central Gyri Arranged?

A

In a humonculus

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15
Q

What is the Purpose of the Cingulate Gyrus?

A

To blend fight and flight response with logical reasoning and to regulate emotions

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16
Q

What Additional System is the Cingulate Gyrus a part of?

A

The Limbic System

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17
Q

What is the Purpose of the Corpus Collosum?

A

To coordinate the left and right hemispheres of the brain

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18
Q

What is the Purpose of the Hypothalamus?

A

Regulation of Homeostatsis, Secretion of Hormones, Emotions and monitoring Osmolarity and Temperature in the Autonomic System

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19
Q

What Personal Qualities are associated with the Frontal Association Cortex?

A

Intelligence, Personality, Behaviour, Mood and Cognitive function

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20
Q

What Personal Qualities are associated with the Parietal Association Cortex?

A

Spatial skills and 3D recognition of shapes, faces, concepts and abstract perception

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21
Q

What Personal Qualities are associated with the Temporal Association Cortex?

A

Memory, Mood, Aggression and Intelligence

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22
Q

What Hemisphere of the brain is Typically Non-Dominant?

A

The right hemisphere

23
Q

What Personal Qualities is the Non-dominant Hemisphere of the brain associated with?

A

Non-verbal language, Emotional expression, Spatial Skills, Conceptual understanding, Artistic/Musical skills and comprehension of metaphor/linguistic nuance

24
Q

What could Injury to the Non-Dominant Hemisphere result in?

A

Loss of non-verbal language, emotion in speech, spatial disorientation, inability to recognise familiar objects and loss of musical appreciation

25
Q

What is the Purpose of the Basal Ganglia?

A

Helps in initiating muscle movement, Muscle memory and practiced movements, Fine movement control of muscles and mood expression through muscles

26
Q

What is the Purpose of the Cerebellum?

A

To stop movements and manage balance and posture

27
Q

Do the sides of the Cerebellum manage Movement on the Same Side or Opposite Sides of the body?

A

Same side (Ipscilateral movement coordination)

28
Q

Is the Cerebellum affected by Alcohol?

A

Yes, which is why it is harder for those under the influence to balance, maintain posture and terminate movements

29
Q

What Neurotransmitter is used in neurons between Secondary (association) areas (e.g. Broca’s Area, Exner’s Area) and the Striatum?

A

Glutamate (excitatory)

30
Q

Where do Neurons from the Striatum output?

A

The Globus Pallidus (Internus and Externus) and the Substantia Nigra

31
Q

What Neurotransmitter is used in Neurons originating from the Striatum?

A

Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (Inhibitory)

32
Q

Where do Neurons originating from the Substantia Nigra output?

A

The Striatum

33
Q

What Neurotransmitter is used in Neurons originating from the Substantia Nigra?

A

Dopamine

34
Q

Where do the Neurons originating in the Globus Pallidus (Internus) output?

A

The Thalamus

35
Q

What Neurotransmitter is used in Neurons originating from the Globus Pallidus (Internus)?

A

Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (Inhibitory)

36
Q

Where do Neurons originating in the Thalamus output to in the Motor System?

A

The Primary Motor Cortex

37
Q

What Neurotransmitter is used in Neurons originating from the Thalamus in the Motor System?

A

Glutamate (Excitatory)

38
Q

What is the Purpose of the Substantia Nigra?

A

To produce 95% of the body’s dopamine

39
Q

What is the Purpose of the Dopamine being supplied to the Striatum by the Substantia Nigra?

A

To keep the neurons in the striatum primed and ready to fire when they recieve Glutamate

40
Q

What happens if there is Not Enough Dopamine being supplied to the Striatum by the Substantia Nigra?

A

It will require more glutamate to be supplied to the Striatum to initiate movement

41
Q

The Lack of Dopamine which results in a Higher Amount of Glutamate required to initiate movement has What effect on the Cortex and Periphery respectively?

A

Hypoexcitivity in the Cortex and Hypoactivity in the Periphery (Muscles)

42
Q

In the Primary Visual Cortex, what Areas of Sight are the Anterior and Posterior regions responsible for?

A

Anterior is responsible for peripheral vision, Posterior is responsible for central vision

43
Q

What is Housed in the Medulla?

A

Cranial Nerve Nuclei and the Cardiovascular and Respiratory control centres

44
Q

What is Housed in the Pons?

A

Cranial Nerve Nuclei

45
Q

What is the Purpose of the Choroid Plexus?

A

To produce Cerebrospinal Fluid

46
Q

What is the Purpose of Cerebrospinal Fluid?

A

To protect the brain from damage and to supply nutrients and remove waste to and from the brain

47
Q

What is the Purpose of the Thalamus?

A

It acts as a relay station for Motor/Sensory information

48
Q

What do the Cerebral Peduncles contain?

A

The Corticospinal and Corticopontine fibres

49
Q

Which Sense are Mammilary Bodies responsible for providing a Reflex for?

A

Smell

50
Q

Which Sense is the Superior Colliculi responsible for providing a Reflex for?

A

Sight

51
Q

Which Sense is the Inferior Colliculi responsible for providing a Reflex for?

A

Hearing

52
Q

In terms of Frequency Processing in the Primary Auditory Cortex, is the cortex Arranged Tonotopically to process Lower Frequencies more Laterally or Medially in the cortex?

A

Higher frequencies (20,000 Hz) are processed more medially in the cortex, while lower frequencies (20 Hz) are processed more laterally in the cortex

53
Q

In terms of Frequency Processing in the Primary Auditory Cortex, is the cortex Arranged Tonotopically to process Higher Frequencies more Laterally or Medially in the cortex?

A

Higher frequencies (20,000 Hz) are processed more medially in the cortex, while lower frequencies (20 Hz) are processed more laterally in the cortex

Medsci142 (11 decks)

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