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Medsci142 > Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure > Flashcards

Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 Types of Blood Vessels found in the body?

A
  1. Elastic Arteries
  2. Muscular Arteries
  3. Arterioles
  4. Capillaries
  5. Venules
  6. Veins
  7. Coronary Arteries
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2
Q

What is the approximate Diameter of an Elastic Artery?

A

Approximately the width of a finger

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3
Q

What do Elastic Arteries have in their Middle Tunic?

A

Many thin sheets of elastin

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4
Q

What is the Function of Elastic Arteries?

A

To absorb drastic changes in pressure during systole by stretching and storing elastic energy, then gradually releasing the elastic energy during diastole, smoothing the flow of blood leaving the ventricles

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5
Q

What is the approximate Diameter of a Muscular Artery?

A

Can range from between approximately the width of a pencil to a pin

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6
Q

What do Muscular Arteries have in their Middle Tunic?

A

Many layers of circular smooth muscle wrapping around the vessel

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7
Q

What is the Function of Muscular Arteries?

A

To distribute blood around the body at high pressure (and the lungs at medium pressure)

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8
Q

Blood Flow through a vessel is Proportional to…

A

Blood Flow through a vessel is Proportional to the fourth power of the radius, therefore a small change in radius has a large impact on blood flow

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9
Q

How many Layers of Circular Smooth Muscle do Arterioles usually have in their Middle Tunics?

A

Between one and three

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10
Q

Which Blood Vessel Type has the Thickest Muscular Wall relative to Size?

A

Arterioles

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11
Q

In which type of Blood Vessels does the Greatest Pressure Drop and the Greatest Flow Resistance occur?

A

Arterioles

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12
Q

The Degree Of Constriction within Arterioles throughout the body determines ___ and thus affects ___

A

The Degree Of Constriction within Arterioles throughout the body determines Total Peripheral Resistance and thus affects Mean Arterial Blood Pressure

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13
Q

What is the Diameter of a Capillary?

A

The width of a red blood cell

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14
Q

What is the Function of the Capillaries?

A

To allow the exchange of gases, nutrients and wastes between the blood and surrounding tissue fluid

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15
Q

What is the Structure of a Capillary?

A

The capillary wall is made of only one layer of endothelial cells (with an external basement membrane)

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16
Q

Is the Flow Of Blood through Capillaries Fast or Slow?

A

Slow

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17
Q

Can Blood Cells leave Capillaries?

A

No

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18
Q

Can Blood Plasma leave Capillaries?

A

Yes, but most of it is quickly recovered via an osmotic gradient

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19
Q

What is the Structure of a Venule?

A

One layer of endothelial cells plus a little bit of connective tissue. Larger venules have a single layer of smooth muscle

20
Q

What is the Function of a Venule?

A

To drain capillary beds

21
Q

Are Venules Low or High Pressure vessels?

A

Low pressure

22
Q

Through which Blood Vessel Type do White Blood Cells exit the Cardiovascular System towards the site of an Infection/Tissue Damage?

A

Venules

23
Q

What is the Structure of a Vein?

A

Similar to a muscular artery, but thinner-walled and with less smooth muscle and connective tissue. Larger veins (e.g. in the legs) contain bicuspid valves to prevent backflow. Muscle movement alongside these veins squeezes blood along them

24
Q

What is the Function of a Vein?

A

To drain blood back towards the atria (except portal veins, which transfer blood between capillary beds)

25
Q

The Venous System acts as a ___ for Blood

A

The Venous System acts as a Reservoir for Blood​

26
Q

What is the Diameter of a Coronary Artery?

A

Approximately the width of a match stick

27
Q

Where do Coronary Arteries begin?

A

Just downstream from the aortic valve

28
Q

What is the Function of Coronary Arteries?

A

To supply the muscles of the heart

29
Q

What is the Structure of a Coronary Artery?

A

The same as a small muscular artery

30
Q

What is the Formula for Blood Pressure?

A

Blood Pressure = Cardiac Output x Total Peripheral Resistance

31
Q

What is Described by the Blood Hydrostatic Pressure?

A

The force pushing fluid out of a capillary

32
Q

What is Described by the Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure?

A

The pressure derived from high molecular weight things (Dissolved proteins, red blood cells, albumin, etc.) that cannot be filtered out from the capillaries, opposing the blood hydrostatic pressure

33
Q

What is the Formula for Net Filtration Pressure?

A

Net Filtration Pressure (Out from the capillary)= (Blood Hydrostatic Pressure + Interstitial Fluid Hydrostatic Pressure) - (Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure + Interstitial Fluid Osmotic Pressure)

34
Q

Net Filtration Pressures are ___ve when promoting Filtration out of the Capillary and ___ve when promoting Filtration into the Capillary

A

Net Filtration Pressures are Positive when promoting Filtration out of the Capillary and Negative when promoting Filtration into the Capillary

35
Q

Is the Net Filtration Pressure Higher at the Arterial or Venous end of a Capillary Bed?

A

Arterial end

36
Q

Is the Net Filtration Pressure Lower at the Arterial or Venous end of a Capillary Bed?

A

Venous end

37
Q

Where does the Excess Fluid not Reabsorbed into the Capillary Systems go?

A

It is absorbed into the lymphatic system

38
Q

Are Capillary Beds arranged in Series or in Parallel?

A

In parallel

39
Q

How does the body Redirect Blood Supply?

A

By constricting blood vessels to redistribute cardiac output to other systems/organs

40
Q

Where are Alpha Receptors found?

A

Arterioles in the abdomen and skin

41
Q

Where are Beta Receptors found?

A

Arterioles of cardiac and skeletal muscle

42
Q

Does an Increased Rate of Sympathetic Neuron Firing cause Vasodilation or Vasoconstriction?

A

Vasoconstriction

43
Q

Does a Decreased Rate of Sympathetic Neuron Firing cause Vasodilation or Vasoconstriction?

A

Vasodilation

44
Q

Do Cardiopulmonary Baroreceptors affect What Type Of Autonomic Nerve Activity? To Which Organ?

A

Sympathetic Nerve Activity in the Kidneys

45
Q

An Increase in Blood Volume causes an Increase or Decrease in Sympathetic Activity in the Kidney? (CONFIRM LATER)

A

Decrease (CONFIRM LATER)

46
Q

What does an Increase in Sympathetic Nerve Activity in the Kidney result in? (CONFIRM LATER)

A

Increased urine secretion (CONFIRM LATER)

Medsci142 (11 decks)

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