Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

Question 1

What are the 7 Types of Blood Vessels found in the body?

Answer 1

1. Elastic Arteries
2. Muscular Arteries
3. Arterioles
4. Capillaries
5. Venules
6. Veins
7. Coronary Arteries

Question 2

What is the approximate Diameter of an Elastic Artery?

Answer 2

Approximately the width of a finger

Question 3

What do Elastic Arteries have in their Middle Tunic?

Answer 3

Many thin sheets of elastin

Question 4

What is the Function of Elastic Arteries?

Answer 4

To absorb drastic changes in pressure during systole by stretching and storing elastic energy, then gradually releasing the elastic energy during diastole, smoothing the flow of blood leaving the ventricles

Question 5

What is the approximate Diameter of a Muscular Artery?

Answer 5

Can range from between approximately the width of a pencil to a pin

Question 6

What do Muscular Arteries have in their Middle Tunic?

Answer 6

Many layers of circular smooth muscle wrapping around the vessel

Question 7

What is the Function of Muscular Arteries?

Answer 7

To distribute blood around the body at high pressure (and the lungs at medium pressure)

Question 8

Blood Flow through a vessel is Proportional to…

Answer 8

Blood Flow through a vessel is Proportional to the fourth power of the radius, therefore a small change in radius has a large impact on blood flow

Question 9

How many Layers of Circular Smooth Muscle do Arterioles usually have in their Middle Tunics?

Answer 9

Between one and three

Question 10

Which Blood Vessel Type has the Thickest Muscular Wall relative to Size?

Answer 10

Arterioles

Question 11

In which type of Blood Vessels does the Greatest Pressure Drop and the Greatest Flow Resistance occur?

Answer 11

Arterioles

Question 12

The Degree Of Constriction within Arterioles throughout the body determines ___ and thus affects ___

Answer 12

The Degree Of Constriction within Arterioles throughout the body determines Total Peripheral Resistance and thus affects Mean Arterial Blood Pressure

Question 13

What is the Diameter of a Capillary?

Answer 13

The width of a red blood cell

Question 14

What is the Function of the Capillaries?

Answer 14

To allow the exchange of gases, nutrients and wastes between the blood and surrounding tissue fluid

Question 15

What is the Structure of a Capillary?

Answer 15

The capillary wall is made of only one layer of endothelial cells (with an external basement membrane)

Question 16

Is the Flow Of Blood through Capillaries Fast or Slow?

Answer 16

Slow

Question 17

Can Blood Cells leave Capillaries?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

Can Blood Plasma leave Capillaries?

Answer 18

Yes, but most of it is quickly recovered via an osmotic gradient

Question 19

What is the Structure of a Venule?

Answer 19

One layer of endothelial cells plus a little bit of connective tissue. Larger venules have a single layer of smooth muscle

Question 20

What is the Function of a Venule?

Answer 20

To drain capillary beds

Question 21

Are Venules Low or High Pressure vessels?

Answer 21

Low pressure

Question 22

Through which Blood Vessel Type do White Blood Cells exit the Cardiovascular System towards the site of an Infection/Tissue Damage?

Answer 22

Venules

Question 23

What is the Structure of a Vein?

Answer 23

Similar to a muscular artery, but thinner-walled and with less smooth muscle and connective tissue. Larger veins (e.g. in the legs) contain bicuspid valves to prevent backflow. Muscle movement alongside these veins squeezes blood along them

Question 24

What is the Function of a Vein?

Answer 24

To drain blood back towards the atria (except portal veins, which transfer blood between capillary beds)

Question 25

The **Venous System** acts as a ___ for **Blood**

Answer 25

The **Venous System** acts as a **Reservoir** for **Blood**​

Question 26

What is the **Diameter** of a **Coronary Artery**?

Answer 26

Approximately the width of a match stick

Question 27

Where do **Coronary Arteries** begin?

Answer 27

Just downstream from the aortic valve

Question 28

What is the **Function** of **Coronary Arteries**?

Answer 28

To supply the muscles of the heart

Question 29

What is the **Structure** of a **Coronary Artery**?

Answer 29

The same as a small muscular artery

Question 30

What is the **Formula** for **Blood Pressure**?

Answer 30

Blood Pressure = Cardiac Output x Total Peripheral Resistance

Question 31

What is **Described** by the **Blood Hydrostatic Pressure**?

Answer 31

The force pushing fluid out of a capillary

Question 32

What is **Described** by the **Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure**?

Answer 32

The pressure derived from high molecular weight things (Dissolved proteins, red blood cells, albumin, etc.) that cannot be filtered out from the capillaries, opposing the blood hydrostatic pressure

Question 33

What is the **Formula** for **Net Filtration Pressure**?

Answer 33

Net Filtration Pressure (Out from the capillary)= (Blood Hydrostatic Pressure + Interstitial Fluid Hydrostatic Pressure) - (Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure + Interstitial Fluid Osmotic Pressure)

Question 34

**Net Filtration Pressures** are \_\_\_ve when promoting **Filtration** out of the **Capillary** and \_\_\_ve when promoting **Filtration** into the **Capillary**

Answer 34

**Net Filtration Pressures** are **Positive** when promoting **Filtration** out of the **Capillary** and **Negative** when promoting **Filtration** into the **Capillary**

Question 35

Is the **Net Filtration Pressure Higher** at the **Arterial** or **Venous** end of a **Capillary Bed**?

Answer 35

Arterial end

Question 36

Is the **Net Filtration Pressure** **Lower** at the **Arterial** or **Venous** end of a **Capillary Bed**?

Answer 36

Venous end

Question 37

Where does the **Excess Fluid** not **Reabsorbed** into the **Capillary Systems** go?

Answer 37

It is absorbed into the lymphatic system

Question 38

Are **Capillary Beds** arranged in **Series** or in **Parallel**?

Answer 38

In parallel

Question 39

How does the body **Redirect Blood Supply**?

Answer 39

By constricting blood vessels to redistribute cardiac output to other systems/organs

Question 40

Where are **Alpha Receptors** found?

Answer 40

Arterioles in the abdomen and skin

Question 41

Where are **Beta Receptors** found?

Answer 41

Arterioles of cardiac and skeletal muscle

Question 42

Does an **Increased Rate** of **Sympathetic Neuron Firing** cause **Vasodilation** or **Vasoconstriction**?

Answer 42

Vasoconstriction

Question 43

Does a **Decreased** **Rate** of **Sympathetic Neuron Firing** cause **Vasodilation** or **Vasoconstriction**?

Answer 43

Vasodilation

Question 44

Do **Cardiopulmonary Baroreceptors** affect **What Type Of Autonomic Nerve Activity**? To **Which Organ**?

Answer 44

Sympathetic Nerve Activity in the Kidneys

Question 45

An **Increase** in **Blood Volume** causes an **Increase** or **Decrease** in **Sympathetic Activity** in the **Kidney**? (**CONFIRM LATER**)

Answer 45

Decrease (CONFIRM LATER)

Question 46

What does an **Increase** in **Sympathetic Nerve Activity** in the **Kidney** result in? **(****CONFIRM LATER)**

Answer 46

Increased urine secretion (CONFIRM LATER)