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Occupational Therapy > Range of motion > Flashcards

Range of motion Flashcards

1
Q

What is joint ROM?

A

the amount of movement that is possible at a joint. The arc of motion on a specific plane.

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2
Q

What is PROM?

A

Passive range of motion - movement applied to a joint from an outside force

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3
Q

What is AROM?

A

Active range of motion - movement of a joint provided entirely by the muscles acting on a joint to perform an exercise.

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4
Q

True or false: AROM is greater than PROM in a normal individual?

A

False, PROM is greater than AROM

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5
Q

How is ROM tested?

A
  1. Functional motion test
  2. screening tests
  3. measuring joint ROM with goniometer
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6
Q

Name 3 ROM contraindications

A
  1. Joint dislocations
  2. Unhealed fracture
  3. Immediately after surgery
  4. Presence of myositis ossificans (bone tissue develops in muscle after injury
  5. When ectopic ossification is a possibility (new bone forming in tissues that do not usually ossify).
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7
Q

Name 3 ROM precautions

A
  1. Joint inflammation or infection
  2. Taking medication for pain or muscle relaxants
  3. Osteoporosis, hypermobility or subluxation of a joint
  4. Haemophilia
  5. Haematoma
  6. Just sustained an injury to soft tissue
  7. Newly united fracture
  8. Undergone prolonged immobilisation
  9. Bony ankylosis suspected (stiffness of a joint due to abnormal adhesion and rigidity of bones of the joint due to injury or disease.
  10. Carcinoma (cancer) of the bone or any fragile bone condition
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8
Q

What is normal end feel?

A

Normal – full ROM achieved, motion limited by normal anatomical structures

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9
Q

Why is ROM measurement useful?

A
  1. identifies limitations that interfere with function or may produce deformity.
  2. identifies additional motion needed to increase functional capacity or reduce deformity.
  3. identifies the need for assistive devices or splints and progression of treatment.
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10
Q

What is hard end-feel?

A

Bone hits bone

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11
Q

What is firm end feel?

A

A stretching or spring feel

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12
Q

What is soft end feel?

A

When soft tissue hits soft tissue

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13
Q

Name 3 causes of limitation of ROM during occupations

A
  1. Shortening if soft tissue (muscle, tendon, ligaments, skin)
  2. Inflammation, oedema, haemotoma
  3. Localised destruction of bone - arthritis
  4. Amputation
  5. Congenital abnormalities
  6. Acute and chronic pain
  7. Maladaptive environmental conditions
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14
Q

What 5 features do you look for when assessing ROM?

A
  1. Compensatory movement
  2. Posture
  3. Muscle contours
  4. Skin – colour or condition
  5. Compare with contralateral (non-injured side) parts
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15
Q

What are the 4 uses of palpation?

A
  1. Assess bony/soft tissue contours, skin temperature and texture
    2, Locate bony landmarks to align goniometer
  2. Determine presence or absence of muscle contraction
  3. Identify soft/bony tissue irregularities
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16
Q

What are the 5 points of technique when palpating?

A
  1. Client is comfortable
  2. Observe area
  3. Palpate with finger pads of index and middle finger
  4. Fingers in direct contact of skin
  5. Sensitive but firm touch.
17
Q

What is the normal ROM for flexion and extension at the shoulder?

A

Flexion: 0-170 degrees
Extension: 0-60 degrees

18
Q

What is the normal ROM for flexion at the elbow?

A

Flexion: 0-135/150 degrees

19
Q

What is the normal ROM for flexion and extension at the wrist?

A

Flexion: 0-80 degrees
Extension: 0-70 degrees

20
Q

What is the normal ROM for for ulnar deviation and radial deviation at the wrist?

A

Ulnar deviation: 0-30 degrees

Radial deviation: 0-20 degrees

21
Q

What is the normal ROM for MP flexion and IP flexion at the thumb?

A

MP flexion: 0-90 degrees

IP flexion: 0-80/90 degrees

22
Q

What is the normal ROM for MP flexion, PIP flexion and DIP flexion at the finger?

A

MP flexion: 0-90 degrees
PIP flexion: 0-110 degrees
DIP flexion: 0-80 degrees

23
Q

What is the normal ROM for Cervical flexion and extension?

A

Flexion: 0-45 degrees
Extension: 0-45 degrees

24
Q

What is the normal ROM for Thoracic/Lumbar flexion and extension?

A

Flexion: 0-80 degrees
Extension: 0-30 degrees

25
Q

What is the normal ROM for flexion and extension at the hip?

A

Flexion: 0-120 degrees
Extension: 0-30 degrees

26
Q

What is the normal ROM for flexion at the knee

A

Flexion: 0-135 degrees

27
Q

What is the normal ROM for plantarflexion and dorsiflexion at the ankle/foot?

A

Plantarflexion: 0-50 degrees
Dorsiflexion: 0-15 degrees

28
Q

How is ROM remediated?

A
  1. Maintain and prevent limitations in ROM (compression, positioning, movement through full ROM)
  2. Increase ROM (stretching, splinting/casting)
29
Q

What can be done if ROM limitations cannot be reduced?

A

Compensation - techniques and/or equipment to enable participation in patient’s occupations.

30
Q

What are the 3 parts of a goniometer?

A
  1. Stationary (proximal) arm
  2. Moving (distal) arm
  3. Fulcrum (or axis)
31
Q

Where should the stationary arm of a goniometer be positioned?

A

Aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body segment proximal to the joint being measured

32
Q

What does the distal arm of a goniometer do?

A
  1. Acts as a dial

2. points to the number of degrees

33
Q

Where should the moving arm of a goniometer be placed?

A

Aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body segment distal to the joint being measured.

34
Q

Where should the fulcrum of a goniometer be placed?

A

Placed over the approximate location of the axis of rotation of the joint

Occupational Therapy (21 decks)

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