Range of motion Flashcards
What is joint ROM?
the amount of movement that is possible at a joint. The arc of motion on a specific plane.
What is PROM?
Passive range of motion - movement applied to a joint from an outside force
What is AROM?
Active range of motion - movement of a joint provided entirely by the muscles acting on a joint to perform an exercise.
True or false: AROM is greater than PROM in a normal individual?
False, PROM is greater than AROM
How is ROM tested?
- Functional motion test
- screening tests
- measuring joint ROM with goniometer
Name 3 ROM contraindications
- Joint dislocations
- Unhealed fracture
- Immediately after surgery
- Presence of myositis ossificans (bone tissue develops in muscle after injury
- When ectopic ossification is a possibility (new bone forming in tissues that do not usually ossify).
Name 3 ROM precautions
- Joint inflammation or infection
- Taking medication for pain or muscle relaxants
- Osteoporosis, hypermobility or subluxation of a joint
- Haemophilia
- Haematoma
- Just sustained an injury to soft tissue
- Newly united fracture
- Undergone prolonged immobilisation
- Bony ankylosis suspected (stiffness of a joint due to abnormal adhesion and rigidity of bones of the joint due to injury or disease.
- Carcinoma (cancer) of the bone or any fragile bone condition
What is normal end feel?
Normal – full ROM achieved, motion limited by normal anatomical structures
Why is ROM measurement useful?
- identifies limitations that interfere with function or may produce deformity.
- identifies additional motion needed to increase functional capacity or reduce deformity.
- identifies the need for assistive devices or splints and progression of treatment.
What is hard end-feel?
Bone hits bone
What is firm end feel?
A stretching or spring feel
What is soft end feel?
When soft tissue hits soft tissue
Name 3 causes of limitation of ROM during occupations
- Shortening if soft tissue (muscle, tendon, ligaments, skin)
- Inflammation, oedema, haemotoma
- Localised destruction of bone - arthritis
- Amputation
- Congenital abnormalities
- Acute and chronic pain
- Maladaptive environmental conditions
What 5 features do you look for when assessing ROM?
- Compensatory movement
- Posture
- Muscle contours
- Skin – colour or condition
- Compare with contralateral (non-injured side) parts
What are the 4 uses of palpation?
- Assess bony/soft tissue contours, skin temperature and texture
2, Locate bony landmarks to align goniometer - Determine presence or absence of muscle contraction
- Identify soft/bony tissue irregularities
What are the 5 points of technique when palpating?
- Client is comfortable
- Observe area
- Palpate with finger pads of index and middle finger
- Fingers in direct contact of skin
- Sensitive but firm touch.
What is the normal ROM for flexion and extension at the shoulder?
Flexion: 0-170 degrees
Extension: 0-60 degrees
What is the normal ROM for flexion at the elbow?
Flexion: 0-135/150 degrees
What is the normal ROM for flexion and extension at the wrist?
Flexion: 0-80 degrees
Extension: 0-70 degrees
What is the normal ROM for for ulnar deviation and radial deviation at the wrist?
Ulnar deviation: 0-30 degrees
Radial deviation: 0-20 degrees
What is the normal ROM for MP flexion and IP flexion at the thumb?
MP flexion: 0-90 degrees
IP flexion: 0-80/90 degrees
What is the normal ROM for MP flexion, PIP flexion and DIP flexion at the finger?
MP flexion: 0-90 degrees
PIP flexion: 0-110 degrees
DIP flexion: 0-80 degrees
What is the normal ROM for Cervical flexion and extension?
Flexion: 0-45 degrees
Extension: 0-45 degrees
What is the normal ROM for Thoracic/Lumbar flexion and extension?
Flexion: 0-80 degrees
Extension: 0-30 degrees
What is the normal ROM for flexion and extension at the hip?
Flexion: 0-120 degrees
Extension: 0-30 degrees
What is the normal ROM for flexion at the knee
Flexion: 0-135 degrees
What is the normal ROM for plantarflexion and dorsiflexion at the ankle/foot?
Plantarflexion: 0-50 degrees
Dorsiflexion: 0-15 degrees
How is ROM remediated?
- Maintain and prevent limitations in ROM (compression, positioning, movement through full ROM)
- Increase ROM (stretching, splinting/casting)
What can be done if ROM limitations cannot be reduced?
Compensation - techniques and/or equipment to enable participation in patient’s occupations.
What are the 3 parts of a goniometer?
- Stationary (proximal) arm
- Moving (distal) arm
- Fulcrum (or axis)
Where should the stationary arm of a goniometer be positioned?
Aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body segment proximal to the joint being measured
What does the distal arm of a goniometer do?
- Acts as a dial
2. points to the number of degrees
Where should the moving arm of a goniometer be placed?
Aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body segment distal to the joint being measured.
Where should the fulcrum of a goniometer be placed?
Placed over the approximate location of the axis of rotation of the joint
