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Occupational Therapy > Motor assessment and intervention > Flashcards

Motor assessment and intervention Flashcards

1
Q

What is movement analysis?

A

Watching a person as they attempt a task and analyse the movements.

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2
Q

What are the 2 phases of upper-limb movement analysis?

A

Reaching and grasping

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3
Q

What are the 3 stages of motor learning?

A

Stage 1 - Verbal cognitive
Stage 2 - Motor stage
Stage 3 - Autonomous stage

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4
Q

What is the verbal cognitive stage?

A
  • reliance on verbal feedback and external environmental information to understand the demands of the task and achieve goals.
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5
Q

What is the motor stage?

A

Focuses on the quality of the movement, intensive practice and decreasing mistakes

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6
Q

What is the autonomous stage?

A

Able to perform task with less cognitive effort, cope with distractions and draw on problem solving skills in new situations.

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7
Q

What is motor re-learning?

A
  • High number of repetitions performed frequently
  • performed in a context-specific environment
  • specific feedback is provided
  • part vs whole of the task practiced
  • grading difficulty
  • record results - repetitions, accuracy, time taken
  • manual guidance
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8
Q

What does UL rehabilitation in early stages of stroke recovery focus on?

A

Strategies that aim at eliciting muscle activity and strength training prior to return of functional grasp, hand and UL use.

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9
Q

What approach do OTs use with clients who have motor impairments?

A

Compensatory approach

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10
Q

What is the Motor Assessment Scale (MAS)?

A

A clinical assessment tool that evaluates 8 areas of motor function in recovering stroke patients

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11
Q

What are the 8 motor tasks tested by the MAS?

A
  1. Supine to side lying
  2. Supine to sitting on the edge of a bed
  3. Balanced sitting
  4. Sitting to standing
  5. Walking
  6. Upper-arm functions
  7. Hand movements
  8. Advanced hand activities
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12
Q

Where is the MAS administered?

A

In a quiet room

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13
Q

What items can be used independently of the rest of the scale?

A

The upper limb items - upper-arm functions, hand movements and advanced hand activities

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14
Q

What patients should the MAS be used for?

A

Patients who have had a stroke

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15
Q

Who should the MAS not be used for?

A

Patients requiring a proxy to complete

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16
Q

How long does the MAS take to administer?

A

15 to 60 minutes

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17
Q

What does the MAS measure?

A

Everyday motor functioning

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18
Q

Is the MAS standardised or non-standardised?

A

Standardised

19
Q

What is flaccidity?

A

Absence of tone

20
Q

What is hypotonicity?

A

decreased normal muscle tone

21
Q

What is hypertonicity?

A

Increased muscle tone which is not typically velocity dependent

22
Q

What is spasticity?

A

Motor disorder characterised by a velocity dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes

23
Q

What is clonus?

A

A type of spasticity present in clients with moderate to severe spasticity, characterised by repetitive contractions in the antagonistic muscles in response to rapid stretch

24
Q

What is rigidity?

A

Simultaneous increase in muscle tone of agonist and antagonist muscles, not velocity dependent

25
Q

What are the 4 types of rigidity?

A
  1. Lead-pipe
  2. Cogwheel
  3. Decorticate
  4. Decerebate
26
Q

What is dystonia?

A

Persistent posture of a body part or severely distorted movement pattern

27
Q

What is Ataxia?

A

delayed initiation of movement responses, errors in range and force of movement, jerky and poorly controlled movements

28
Q

What is Adiadochokinesis?

A

Inability to perform rapid alternating movements such as pronation/supination

29
Q

What is Dysdiadokinesia?

A

impaired ability to perform rapid movement

30
Q

What is Nystagmus?

A

involuntary movement of the eyeballs in an up and down, back and forth or rotating direction

31
Q

What is Dysarthria?

A

Slurred speech caused by incoordination of the speech mechanism

32
Q

What is the Tardieu scale?

A

Measures resistance to slow and rapid passive movement

33
Q

How do you test for coordination?

A

Finger to nose

34
Q

How do you test for dysdiadokinesia?

A

Rapid supination and pronation of hands and forearm repeatedly

35
Q

What is used to measure grip strength?

A

a dynamometer

36
Q

What are protective senses?

A

light touch, pressure, pain and temperature

37
Q

What are discriminative senses?

A

stereognosis, proprioception, kinaesthesia and sensory inattention

38
Q

What are the 2 phases of UL movement analysis?

A
  1. Reaching
    Pre-shaping phase - anticipatory shape of hand, position of thumb and finders
    Transporting phase - transporting the arm and hand to the goal
  2. Grasp - in hand manipulation
39
Q

What is the Purdue pegboard?

A

Measures dexterity for two types of activity, one involving the gross movement of the arms, hands, and fingers, and the other in primarily fingertip dexterity.

40
Q

What clients can the Purdue pegboard be used with?

A

Clients of all ages, clients with stroke, brain damage

41
Q

How long does it take to administer the Purdue pegboard?

A

5 to 10 minutes

42
Q

What is motor re-learning?

A

a motor retraining method utilised with persons following a brain injury

43
Q

What is constraint induced movement therapy?

A

involves restraint of the unaffected limb to increase use of the affected limb

44
Q

What is Functional electrical stimulation?

A

uses a burst of short electrical pulses to generate muscle contraction by stimulating motor neurons or reflex pathways

Occupational Therapy (21 decks)

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