Biomechanical FOR

Question 1

What is the Biomechanical FOR?

Answer 1

Deals with a person’s problems in relation to their capacity for movement in daily occupations

Question 2

Why is the Biomechanical FOR useful?

Answer 2

useful in assessment, intervention, and evaluation of people with occupational performance problems and shaping strategies for these

Question 3

What are occupational performance problems addressed by the biomechanical FOR caused by?

Answer 3

disease, injury or event that impacts voluntary movement, muscle strength, endurance or a combination of all three.

Question 4

What is the aim of the Biomechanical FOR?

Answer 4

to address the quality of movement in occupations

Question 5

What are the 3 objectives of the Biomechanical FOR?

Answer 5

1. prevent deterioration and maintain existing movement
2. restore movement if possible
3. compensate and adapt for loss of movement

Question 6

is a Biomechanical FOR top-down or bottom up?

Answer 6

It can be either

Question 7

Name 3 top-down approaches of the Biomechanical FOR

Answer 7

1. CMOP (Canadian model of occupational performance)
2. MOHO (Model of Human Occupations)
3. PEO (Person-environment-occupation)

Question 8

What is endurance?

Answer 8

the ability of a person to resist subjective fatigue and therefore sustain their occupations over time and distance to their satisfaction.

Question 9

Name 3 potential causes of endurance issues

Answer 9

1. Limitations in movement
2. Inadequate muscle strength – eg can’t hang heavy washing repetitively
3. Compromised cardiovascular and/or respiratory systems
4. Acute and chronic pain
5. Maladaptive environmental factors – a lot of steps to access different areas in home and no alternative.

Question 10

What is muscle strength?

Answer 10

The capacity of a person to initiate and maintain muscle strength during their occupations.

Question 11

Name 3 potential causes of muscle strength issues

Answer 11

1. Limitations in movement
2. Disuse or atrophy of muscle
3. Primary muscle pathology
4. Anterior horn cell pathology - MND
5. Peripheral neuropathy - diabetes
6. Peripheral nerve damage
7. Acute and chronic pain
8. Maladaptive environmental conditions

Question 12

What are the 5 areas the biomechanical FOR is not used for?

Answer 12

1. Motor control systems
2. Sensory discrimination
3. Perceptual qualities
4. Cognition
5. Behaviour

Question 13

What type of method is the top-down approach?

Answer 13

Compensatory

Question 14

What is the desired outcome of a top-down approach?

Answer 14

To maximise existing skills and adapt activities to allow independence in occupation.

Question 15

What does a top-down approach focus on?

Answer 15

1. Focuses on skills necessary to participate in ADLs

Question 16

What are 2 advantages of a top-down approach?

Answer 16

1. Consistent with the founding principles of OT
2. Holistic approach
3. Allows intervention with patients who display occupational limitations but not necessarily the medical diagnoses that underlie limitations.

Question 17

What are 2 disadvantages of a top-down approach?

Answer 17

1. Assessments are not always objective

2. Models are not always applicable to treatment settings.

Question 18

What are the 4 steps of a top-down approach?

Answer 18

1. Prioritise occupational needs
2. Assess these needs
3. Identify strengths and challenges
4. Use a variety of means to enable the person to carry out the occupation.

Question 19

What type of method is a bottom-up approach?

Answer 19

Restorative

Question 20

What is the desired outcome of a bottom-up approach?

Answer 20

to acquire or restore the skills necessary to participate in occupation

Question 21

What does the evaluation and treatment plan address of a top-down approach?

Answer 21

address participation in activity including adaptations required to allow participation

Question 22

What are is the treatment goal of a top-down approach?

Answer 22

Treatment goals are to address participation in functional activity at the existing level of disability by addressing functional performance

Question 23

What does the evaluation and treatment plan of a bottom-up approach address?

Answer 23

The evaluation and treatment plan is designed to address deficits in foundational skills and increase performance in ADLs.

Question 24

What does a bottom-up approach focus on?

Answer 24

Addressing the cause of the problem

Question 25

What are the treatment goals of a bottom-up approach?

Answer 25

Treatment goals address the level of impairment and aim to improve functional skills

Question 26

What are 3 examples of a bottom-up approach?

Answer 26

1. Neurodevelopment treatment
2. Sensory integration
3. Biomechanical

Question 27

What are 2 advantages of a bottom-up approach?

Answer 27

1. Easy to apply to all patients including those who cannot communicate or make decisions for themselves
2. Fits in well with biomedical approach used in medical settings
3. Easy to track and collect data for outcome analysis
4. Allows for time sensitive intervention.

Question 28

What are 2 disadvantages of a bottom-up approach?

Answer 28

1. Uses frames of reference and theories from other professions
2. Objective is to improve function, not necessarily to attain independence during occupation

Question 29

What are the 3 steps of a bottom-up approach?

Answer 29

1. Assess underlying body functions and structures, e.g. fine motor, memory, cognition, visual perception.
2. Make assumptions on how this might impact occupations e.g. working, cooking.
3. Intervene with restoring, developing or repairing the body functions and structures.