Biomechanical FOR Flashcards
What is the Biomechanical FOR?
Deals with a person’s problems in relation to their capacity for movement in daily occupations
Why is the Biomechanical FOR useful?
useful in assessment, intervention, and evaluation of people with occupational performance problems and shaping strategies for these
What are occupational performance problems addressed by the biomechanical FOR caused by?
disease, injury or event that impacts voluntary movement, muscle strength, endurance or a combination of all three.
What is the aim of the Biomechanical FOR?
to address the quality of movement in occupations
What are the 3 objectives of the Biomechanical FOR?
- prevent deterioration and maintain existing movement
- restore movement if possible
- compensate and adapt for loss of movement
is a Biomechanical FOR top-down or bottom up?
It can be either
Name 3 top-down approaches of the Biomechanical FOR
- CMOP (Canadian model of occupational performance)
- MOHO (Model of Human Occupations)
- PEO (Person-environment-occupation)
What is endurance?
the ability of a person to resist subjective fatigue and therefore sustain their occupations over time and distance to their satisfaction.
Name 3 potential causes of endurance issues
- Limitations in movement
- Inadequate muscle strength – eg can’t hang heavy washing repetitively
- Compromised cardiovascular and/or respiratory systems
- Acute and chronic pain
- Maladaptive environmental factors – a lot of steps to access different areas in home and no alternative.
What is muscle strength?
The capacity of a person to initiate and maintain muscle strength during their occupations.
Name 3 potential causes of muscle strength issues
- Limitations in movement
- Disuse or atrophy of muscle
- Primary muscle pathology
- Anterior horn cell pathology - MND
- Peripheral neuropathy - diabetes
- Peripheral nerve damage
- Acute and chronic pain
- Maladaptive environmental conditions
What are the 5 areas the biomechanical FOR is not used for?
- Motor control systems
- Sensory discrimination
- Perceptual qualities
- Cognition
- Behaviour
What type of method is the top-down approach?
Compensatory
What is the desired outcome of a top-down approach?
To maximise existing skills and adapt activities to allow independence in occupation.
What does a top-down approach focus on?
- Focuses on skills necessary to participate in ADLs
What are 2 advantages of a top-down approach?
- Consistent with the founding principles of OT
- Holistic approach
- Allows intervention with patients who display occupational limitations but not necessarily the medical diagnoses that underlie limitations.
What are 2 disadvantages of a top-down approach?
- Assessments are not always objective
2. Models are not always applicable to treatment settings.
What are the 4 steps of a top-down approach?
- Prioritise occupational needs
- Assess these needs
- Identify strengths and challenges
- Use a variety of means to enable the person to carry out the occupation.
What type of method is a bottom-up approach?
Restorative
What is the desired outcome of a bottom-up approach?
to acquire or restore the skills necessary to participate in occupation
What does the evaluation and treatment plan address of a top-down approach?
address participation in activity including adaptations required to allow participation
What are is the treatment goal of a top-down approach?
Treatment goals are to address participation in functional activity at the existing level of disability by addressing functional performance
What does the evaluation and treatment plan of a bottom-up approach address?
The evaluation and treatment plan is designed to address deficits in foundational skills and increase performance in ADLs.
What does a bottom-up approach focus on?
Addressing the cause of the problem
What are the treatment goals of a bottom-up approach?
Treatment goals address the level of impairment and aim to improve functional skills
What are 3 examples of a bottom-up approach?
- Neurodevelopment treatment
- Sensory integration
- Biomechanical
What are 2 advantages of a bottom-up approach?
- Easy to apply to all patients including those who cannot communicate or make decisions for themselves
- Fits in well with biomedical approach used in medical settings
- Easy to track and collect data for outcome analysis
- Allows for time sensitive intervention.
What are 2 disadvantages of a bottom-up approach?
- Uses frames of reference and theories from other professions
- Objective is to improve function, not necessarily to attain independence during occupation
What are the 3 steps of a bottom-up approach?
- Assess underlying body functions and structures, e.g. fine motor, memory, cognition, visual perception.
- Make assumptions on how this might impact occupations e.g. working, cooking.
- Intervene with restoring, developing or repairing the body functions and structures.
