Posture and seating

Question 1

What is posture?

Answer 1

composite of all joints of the body at any given moment.

Question 2

What is good posture?

Answer 2

A position where the body segments are balanced and in the position of least strain and maximum support

Question 3

What is the purpose of good posture?

Answer 3

Improve efficiency in body movement to decrease potential of injuries

Question 4

What can cause poor posture?

Answer 4

1. Injury
2. Pathological reasons
3. Psychological reasons
4. Congenital defects
5. Environmental factors

Question 5

What is the PSIS?

Answer 5

Posterior superior iliac spine

Question 6

What is the ASIS?

Answer 6

Anterior superior iliac spine

Question 7

What posititon are the PSIS and ASIS when the pelvis is neutral?

Answer 7

the PSIS is slightly higher than the ASIS

Question 8

What is a posterior pelvic tilt?

Answer 8

the ASIS and pubis symphysis move superiorly

Question 9

What is an anterior pelvic tilt?

Answer 9

the ASIS and pubis symphysis move inferiorly

Question 10

Where is the ASIS in a posterior pelvic tilt to the PSIS?

Answer 10

The ASIS is lower than the PSIS

Question 11

Where is the ASIS in an anterior pelvic tilt to the PSIS?

Answer 11

The ASIS is higher than the PSIS

Question 12

What are 3 clinical issues causing posterior pelvic tilt?

Answer 12

1. tight hip flexors
2. obesity
3. tight spinal extensors
4. trunk extension
5. weakened abdominals
6. increased lumbar lordosis
   7, shoulder retracted

Question 13

What are 3 clinical issues causing anterior pelvic tilt?

Answer 13

1. Low trunk tone
2. decreased lordosis in lumbar spine
3. Reduced hip flexion
4. increased thoracic kyphosis
5. tight hamstrings
6. extensor reflex/spasm
7. Muscle imbalance

Question 14

What is kyphosis?

Answer 14

increased concavity of the thoracic spine

Question 15

What is lordosis?

Answer 15

Lower back arches forward, pelvis tilts anteriorly

Question 16

What is kyphotic-lordotic?

Answer 16

pelvis is tilted anteriorly, lower back arches forward, increased concavity of thoracic spine and cervical spine is hyper-extended and head thrust forward

Question 17

What is flat back?

Answer 17

pelvis tilted posteriorly, hip joints extended, flattening back and lumbar spine, increased concavity at thoracic spine, cervical spine slightly extended, head slightly forward.

Question 18

What is sway back?

Answer 18

pelvis posteriorly tilted, hip joints extended, flattening back, increased concavity of thoracic spine.

Question 19

What are claw toes?

Answer 19

Hyper-extension of MTP joints, flexion of PIP and DIP, callus formation under heads of metatarsals

Question 20

What are hammer toes?

Answer 20

Hyper-extension of the MTP, flexion of the PIP, hyper-extension of the DIP.

Question 21

What is scoliosis?

Answer 21

Lateral deviation of the spine.

Question 22

What is pelvic obliquity?

Answer 22

Height discrepancy in ASIS, shoulder elevated

Question 23

What is pelvic rotation?

Answer 23

1 ASIS is posterior or anterior to the other

Question 24

True or false - the pelvis is the key to alignment of trunk and head when sitting?

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is ideal seated posture?

Answer 25

Head balanced and midline
neutral spine
neutral pelvis
hips and knees 90 degrees
feet flat on floor
back of chair incline approx 10 degrees