Mobility and gait

Question 1

What are 2 functions of mobility?

Answer 1

1. allow people to engage in occupations where they need to move around
2. enable community and home access
3. ability to walk or use mobility aids to extend work and leisure activities

Question 2

What are the 2 phases of gait cycle?

Answer 2

Stance and phase

Question 3

How long of the gait cycle is stance?

Answer 3

60%

Question 4

What are the phases of stance?

Answer 4

Heel strike, foot flat, mid stance, heel off, toe off

Question 5

How long of the gait cycle is swing?

Answer 5

40%

Question 6

What are the phases of swing?

Answer 6

initial, mid and terminal

Question 7

What are the double support phases?

Answer 7

Heel strike, toe off

Question 8

What is cadence?

Answer 8

steps per minute

Question 9

What is stride time?

Answer 9

time of a full gait cycle

Question 10

What is step time?

Answer 10

time for completion of a right or left step

Question 11

What is velocity?

Answer 11

walking speed (m/sec)

Question 12

True or false? Stride length is related to stature?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

True or false? Everyone develops a similar stride?

Answer 13

False, each individual develops a unique way of walking.

Question 14

True or false? Speed and rhythm of gait depends on mood or time of day?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

True or false? Children and the elderly have similar gaits?

Answer 15

False

Question 16

What maintains and counteracts balance and centre of gravity?

Answer 16

Movement of the pelvis, upper extremity, trunk and lower legs

Question 17

How should the trunk be positioned in normal gait?

Answer 17

Relatively erect, leans forward as speed increases, slight rotation opposite to pelvic rotation

Question 18

How does the pelvis move in normal gait?

Answer 18

Rotates forward with swing of same leg, rotates in opposite direction of the trunk and arms, and during weight acceptance on the lower limb, the hip drops on the swinging leg side.

Question 19

What do the upper extremities do in normal gait?

Answer 19

arm swing opposite to lower extremity motion, helps propel movement, shoulder girdle rotates opposite to pelvis.

Question 20

What causes abnormal gait?

Answer 20

- Disorders of complex interaction between
neuromuscular and structural elements
- Weight
- age
- endurance
- fatigue
- Pain

Question 21

What is anterior trunk bending compensating for?

Answer 21

inadequate knee extensors

Question 22

What is posterior trunk bending compensating for?

Answer 22

inadequate hip extensors

Question 23

What is circumduction?

Answer 23

swings leg in semicircle pattern

Question 24

What is hip hiking?

Answer 24

excessive elevation of pelvis on swing side

Question 25

What is Steppage/foot drop?

Answer 25

drag feet or lift them high and bring them down with a slap on the floor, cannot walk on heels,

Question 26

What is vaulting/toe walking?

Answer 26

Patient walks on toes of opposite leg to create clearance

Question 27

What are 3 effects of age on mobility?

Answer 27

1. Reduced gait speed and stride length
2. Stance phase and double support durations increase
3. Step width increases
4. Reduced plantarflexion and hip extension ROM
5. Increased pelvic tilt
6. Require walking aids

Question 28

What are 3 other things required for mobility?

Answer 28

1. Sensory
2. Motor planning
3. Timing of muscle activity
4. Cognition and visual perception
5. Safety
6. Energy and cardiovascular health
7. Vision

Question 29

What are 3 impacts of impaired mobility?

Answer 29

1. Increased risk of falls
2. Inability to access home or community
3. Work and leisure activities compromised
4. Social isolation
5. Difficulties performing ADLs
6. Reduced independence
7. Pain and fatigue