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Occupational Therapy > Lower limb movement > Flashcards

Lower limb movement Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 functions of the lower limb

A
  1. Transfer body from lying/sitting to standing
  2. support head, arms, trunk in all upright positions and movements
  3. Propulsion in walking, running and stair climbing
  4. Sensory information about posture and balance
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2
Q

What is the Pelvis joint also known as?

A

The sacroiliac joint (SI joint)

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3
Q

Where is the sacroiliac joint located?

A

Between the sacrum and ilium

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4
Q

What are the 2 tilts of the pelvis

A

Anterior and Posterior tilt

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5
Q

Which way is the pelvis when it is tilted anteriorly?

A

posterior (backward)

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6
Q

Which way is the pelvis when it is tilted posteriorly?

A

superior (forward)

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7
Q

What are the 2 functions of the SI joint?

A
  1. Stress relief within pelvic ring

2. Stability during load transfer between axial skeleton and lower limb

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8
Q

Where is the hip joint located?

A

Between the head of the femur and acetabulum

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9
Q

Name 2 functions of the hip

A
  1. support weight of body
  2. move body closer or further from the ground
  3. bring foot closer to trunk
  4. position lower limb
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10
Q

What stabilises the hip?

A

Ligaments, acetabular labrum and muscles

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11
Q

What are the hip abductors and are they posterior or anterior?

A

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus, posterior.

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12
Q

What are the hip adductors and are they posterior or anterior?

A

5 muscles of the inner thigh, anterior

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13
Q

What are the hip flexors and are they posterior or anterior?

A

Iliopsoas, assisted by sartorius, rectus femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus, Anterior

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14
Q

What are the hip extensors and where are they located?

A

Gluteus maximus, assisted by hamsting, posterior

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15
Q

What does the hip do when standing?

A
  1. Positional shifts to reduce muscle fatigue
  2. Single stance - hip adductors on supporting leg move body weight over supporting leg
  3. Single stance - hip abductors prevent muscle dropping on unsupported side
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16
Q

What Lumbar plexus nerves supply the hip?

A

Lumbar plexus (T12-L4) consisting of Femoral nerve (hip flexors) and Obturator nerve (Hip adductors)

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17
Q

What Sacral plexus nerves supply the hip?

A

3 small nerves plus:
Superior gluteal nerve (L4-s1) - gluteus medius and minimus
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S2) - gluteus maximus
Sciatic nerve (L4, S3) - hamstrings.

18
Q

What are the 2 common pathologies of the hip?

A

Osteoarthritis and fracture

19
Q

What are the joints of the knee?

A

2 tibiofemoral and 1 patellofemoral

20
Q

Name 2 functions of the knee

A
  1. Support body weight
  2. lower and raise body from the ground
  3. allow shortening of the lower limb so foot can clear the ground
21
Q

What is Genu Valgum?

A

Knock knees

22
Q

What is Genu Varum?

A

Bow legs

23
Q

What is the menisci

A

Fibrocartilage discs on superior articular surfaces of the the tibia

24
Q

What is the function of the menisci?

A

lower compressive stress, weight bearing, stabilise joint, reduce friction

25
Q

What are the important ligaments of the knee?

A

Cruciate ligaments (anterior and posterior)

26
Q

What are the flexors of the knee and where are they located?

A

Hamstrings, posterior

27
Q

What are the extensors of the knee and where are they located?

A

Quadriceps, anterior

28
Q

What lumbar plexus nerves supply the knee?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4) - quadriceps

29
Q

What sacral plexus nerves supply the knee?

A

Sciatic nerve (L4-S3) - hamstrings

30
Q

Name 3 common pathologies of the knee

A
  1. Meniscal injuries
  2. ligamentous injuries
  3. Osteoarthritis
  4. Ageing
  5. Patellofemoral joint pain
  6. Chondromalacia Patellae
31
Q

What are the ankle joints called?

A

Talocrual

32
Q

What are the foot joints?

A

Intertarsal joints - subtalar, transverse tarsal joints

33
Q

What is the function of the ankle?

A

Placing the foot on different surfaces of the ground for support

34
Q

What is the function of the foot?

A

accommodate variations in supporting surface, provide spring and lift in body movement, provide sensory information for the regulation of body posture in standing and moving.

35
Q

What is the medial longitudinal arch?

A

Major load bearing and shock absorbing structure

36
Q

What is pes planus?

A

Flatfoot - dropped arch

37
Q

What is pes cavus?

A

Abnormally high arch, cant absorb force

38
Q

What are the dorsiflexors and where are they located?

A

Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, anterior

39
Q

What are the plantarflexors?

A

Superficial - Gastrocnemius and soleus
Deep - Flexor digitorium longus, flexor hallucis longus and tibialis posterior
Posterior

40
Q

What nerves supply the dorsiflexors?

A

Sciatic nerve (L4-S2)

41
Q

What nerves supply the plantarflexors?

A

Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

42
Q

What are 2 common pathologies of the ankle and foot?

A
  1. Hallux valgus (bunion)
  2. Fractures
  3. Osteoarthritis

Occupational Therapy (21 decks)

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